ArticleSmall methods2025
Electrochemically Induced Nanoscale Stirring Boosts Functional Immobilization of Flavocytochrome P450 BM3 on Nanoporous Gold Electrodes.
Article in Small methods, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoporous-based biomaterials in biomedical applications: from fundamentals and biosensing to drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Interplay of Surface Charge and Pore Characteristics in the Immobilization of Lactate Oxidase on Bulk Nanoporous Gold Electrodes.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Electrochemically Induced Nanoscale Stirring Boosts Functional Immobilization of Flavocytochrome P450 BM3 on Nanoporous Gold Electrodes.Small methods · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enzyme-modified electrodes are core components of electrochemical biosensors for diagnostic and environmental analytics and have promising applications in bioelectrocatalysis. Despite huge research efforts spanning decades, design of enzyme electrodes for superior performance remains challenging. Nanoporous gold (npAu) represents advanced electrode material due to high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable porosity, and intrinsic redox activity, yet its coupling with enzyme catalysis is complex. Here, the study reports a flexible-modular approach to modify npAu with functional enzymes by combined material and protein engineering and use a tailored assortment of surface and in-solution methodologies for characterization. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptoethanesulfonic acid primes the npAu surface for electrostatic adsorption of the target enzyme (flavocytochrome P450 BM3; CYT102A1) that is specially equipped with a cationic protein module for directed binding to anionic surfaces. Modulation of the SAM surface charge is achieved by electrochemistry. The electrode-adsorbed enzyme retains well the activity (33%) and selectivity (complete) from in-solution. Electrochemically triggered nanoscale stirring in the internal porous network of npAu-SAM enhances speed (2.5-fold) and yield (3.0-fold) of the enzyme immobilization. Biocatalytic reaction is fueled from the electrode via regeneration of its reduced coenzyme (NADPH). Collectively, the study presents a modular design of npAu-based enzyme electrode that can support flexible bioelectrochemistry applications.
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