ReviewEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2025
Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.
Review in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cannabinoids and opioid consumption in cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- The Effects of Cannabinoids on Ischemic Stroke-Associated Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of medical cannabinoids in ischemic stroke: a systematic meta-analysis with bibliometric mapping of cerebral ischemia research.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of drug harm by final-year medical students and ChatGPT - a comparative analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Tobacco Industry and Cannabis: A New Public Health Challenge for Türkiye.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Preliminary effectiveness of theInternet interventions · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid tolerance relies on CBProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Benefits and risks of consuming Cannabis sativa L. in food.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Review
- Interspecies differences in the expression of cannabinoid receptors at the tissue and cellular levels.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the perceived barriers to cannabis reduction and cessation scale.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- The Cannabis Health Literacy Questionnaire - Assessing Reliability and Known-Groups Validity in a Canadian Adult Sample.Journal of drug education · 2026Article
- From controversy to clinical evidence: the evolving role of cannabis in pain therapy.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Momentary cannabis effects on alcohol use among adults trying to quit or cut back on drinking.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- In Silico Models Using Simple Molecular Descriptors Predict Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Cannabinoids fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Back to the roots: Cannabis sativa L. root metabolism, microbiomes, and biotechnological potential.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- [The increasing problem of the nonmedical use of medical cannabis].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Article
- Patterns, motivations, and healthcare experiences of medical cannabis use among gender and sexuality diverse people in Australia: findings from the Cannabis as Medicine Survey 2022 (CAMS-22).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use Among Individuals Treated with Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Correlates, Patterns, and Motivations for Use.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Links between Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome symptoms and drug use, mental health problems, antisocial behavior, and personality in a national survey of adults in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Relations between depression and cannabis use among college students in evolving state cannabis policy environments.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes has progressed internationally. Cannabis and cannabinoids are advocated for a plethora of medical indications. An increasing number of medical and nonmedical users regularly consume large doses of delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of cannabis. Aim: to summarize the evidence on (1) risks of recreational cannabis use and (2) effectiveness and safety of medicinal cannabis. Findings on recreational use: Cannabis is mostly used to experience its acute rewarding effects. Regular use of high THC products can produce addiction (cannabis use disorder or CUD). Acute consumption of high THC doses (including unintentionally) can cause time-limited mental, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular problems and motor vehicle accidents. Chronic patterns of cannabis use have been associated with multiple adverse outcomes that are of particular concern among adolescents and young adults, such as, disrupted learning, impaired cognitive performance, reduced educational attainment and an increased risk of CUD, psychosis/schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviors. There is debate about the extent to which cannabis use is a cause of these adverse outcomes. Physical health risks (e.g., respiratory and cardiovascular, prematurity and restricted fetal growth, hyperemesis syndrome among others) have also been linked with repeated consumption of cannabis with a high THC content. Findings on medical cannabis use: Herbal cannabis, medicines from extracted or synthetized cannabinoids-often used as adjuvants to standard medicines-may produce small to modest benefits. This is primarily the case in treating chronic pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and refractory epilepsy (in the case of cannabidiol, CBD). The evidence is inconclusive on their value in treating mental disorders and other medical conditions. Safety: Cannabis-based medicine is generally well tolerated. There is a risk of mild to moderate adverse effects and CUD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.