ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2024
Clinical Course of Neurologic Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Focus on Chronic Toxicities.
Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Guillain-Barre syndrome in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an individual participant data meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer survivorship in malignant melanoma.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Review
- The Long-Term Sequelae and Clinical Workload Resulting from Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Therapy in Patients with Cancer.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor neurotoxicity: long-term outcomes with focus on 1-year neurological sequelae.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Severe Immune-Related Neurological Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Triple M overlap syndrome in the intensive care unit: differential diagnosis and management.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights from a multi-organ perspective.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Efgartigimod in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myasthenia gravis -myositis overlap syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Neurological immune-related adverse events with anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in cervical cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Assessment of Neurological Adverse Reactions Related to PD-1 Inhibitors: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Incidence and outcomes of neuromuscular immune-related adverse events in head and neck cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurological immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: clinical and hematological risk factors.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Outcomes in Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myopathy and Prolonged Follow-Up.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Central and Peripheral Neurotoxicity: Case Series and Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Current and Emerging Applications to Mitigate Cellular Signaling in Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Complement activation profiles in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated neuromuscular immune-related adverse events.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Abrupt Breathlessness: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Associated with Inebilizumab in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report and Literature Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Prediction, prevention, and precision treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor neurological toxicity using autoantibodies, cytokines, and microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of warning strategies for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Simone RossiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0001-7044-983X
Antonio FarinaFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-5551-0185
Antonio MalvasoFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Alessandro DinotoFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-3249-4792
Laura FiondaFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-8813-2272
Sara CornacchiniFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Irene FloreanFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Luigi ZulianiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Matteo GaribaldiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0003-1830-2886
Antonio LaulettaFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Flavia BaccariFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Corrado ZenesiniFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-9855-8197
Rita RinaldiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Sara MariottoFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-7806-3103
Valentina DamatoFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0003-1740-4522
Luca DiamantiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Matteo GastaldiFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0003-2288-2000
Alberto VogrigFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).ORCID 0000-0002-3652-7061
Enrico MarchioniFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Maria GuarinoFrom the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (S.R., R.R., M. Guarino), Italy; Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis (A.F), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital, Bron, MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A.M., L.D., E.M.), Pavia; Neurology Unit (A.D., S.M.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre (L.F.), Neurology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health (S.C., V.D.), University of Florence; Clinical Neurology Unit (I.F., A.V.), Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (L.Z.), AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza; Department of Neuroscience (M. Garibaldi, A.L.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (F.B., C.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (M.Gastaldi), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; and Clinical Neurology (A.V.), Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC).
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe clinical course and the risk of chronicity of neurologic immune-related adverse events (n-irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not well documented. This study aimed to characterize the clinical course of n-irAEs and assess the prevalence of chronic events.
methodsThis nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study included patients with n-irAEs identified at 7 Italian hospitals. The clinical course of n-irAEs was categorized into fulminant (if resulted in death within 12 weeks), monophasic (if resolved within 12 weeks), and chronic (if persisted beyond 12 weeks). Chronic n-irAEs were further subdivided into
resultsSixty-six patients were included (median age: 69 years [IQR 62-75]; 53 [80%] men). n-irAEs involved the peripheral nervous system in 48 patients (73%), the central nervous system in 14 (21%), and both in 4 (6%). Twelve patients (18%) had a fulminant course, with the risk being significantly higher in those with concurrent myocarditis (OR 5.4; 95% CI [1.02-28.31]). Among 54 patients with a nonfulminant course, 23 (43%) had a monophasic n-irAE and 31 (57%) had a chronic n-irAE, of which 16 of 31 (52%) were chronic DISCUSSION: More than half of the patients with n-irAEs who survived the acute phase developed a chronic condition. Patients with chronic n-irAEs were at higher risk of death, mainly due to cancer progression. Future studies are needed to further characterize chronic n-irAEs and identify optimal long-term management strategies.
Indexed as
Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsNervous System DiseasesAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsRetrospective StudiesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors
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