ArticleRadiology. Artificial intelligence2024
Assessing the Performance of Models from the 2022 RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture Detection Competition at a Level I Trauma Center.
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Article in Radiology. Artificial intelligence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence for identification of cervical spine fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Emergency radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence for early diagnosis in emergency department.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Multicenter, Multinational, and Multivendor Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Application for Acute Cervical Spine Fracture Detection on CT.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The RSNA Abdominal Traumatic Injury CT (RATIC) Dataset.Radiology. Artificial intelligence · 2024Article
- Watch Your Back! How Deep Learning Is Cracking the Real World of CT for Cervical Spine Fractures.Radiology. Artificial intelligence · 2024Article
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27 authors.
Zixuan Hu *From the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0009-0000-7968-8757
Markand Patel *From the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-1786-5110
Robyn L BallFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-7335-3339
Hui Ming LinFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-9598-3921
Luciano M PrevedelloFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-6768-6452
Mitra NaseriFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Shobhit MathurFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-7334-3341
Robert MorelandFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Jefferson WilsonFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Christopher WitiwFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3999-7632
Kristen W YeomFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Qishen HaFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Darragh HanleyFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0009-0006-1697-694X
Selim SeferbekovFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Hao ChenFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0009-0009-5281-4616
Philipp SingerFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Christof HenkelFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-2913-3662
Pascal PfeifferFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-5064-1514
Ian PanFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-0650-6614
Harshit SheoranFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Wuqi LiFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4296-310X
Adam E FlandersFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-4679-0787
Felipe C KitamuraFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-9992-5630
Tyler RichardsFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Jason TalbottFrom the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0003-3943-5530
Ervin Sejdić *From the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).
Errol Colak *From the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Z.H., W.L., E.S.), Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine (M.P., S.M., R.M., E.C.), Faculty of Medicine (M.N., J.W., C.W.), and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (J.W., C.W.), University of Toronto, 40 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G4; Department of Medical Imaging (H.M.L., M.N., S.M., R.M., E.C.) and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (S.M., J.W., C.W., E.C.), St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (R.L.B.); Standard School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (K.W.Y.); H2O.ai, Mountain View, Calif (Q.H., P.S., P.P.); School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (H.C.); DoubleYard, Edulab Group, Boston, Ireland (D.H.); Mapbox, London, UK (S.S.); NVIDIA, Santa Clara, Calif (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (I.P.); University of London, Goldsmiths, London, UK (H.S.); Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (L.M.P.); Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.F.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil (F.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.R.); and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada (E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3771-7975
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the performance of the top models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge on a clinical test dataset of both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired at a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods Seven top-performing models in the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge were retrospectively evaluated on a clinical test set of 1828 CT scans (from 1829 series: 130 positive for fracture, 1699 negative for fracture; 1308 noncontrast, 521 contrast enhanced) from 1779 patients (mean age, 55.8 years ± 22.1 [SD]; 1154 [64.9%] male patients). Scans were acquired without exclusion criteria over 1 year (January-December 2022) from the emergency department of a neurosurgical and level I trauma center. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. False-positive and false-negative cases were further analyzed by a neuroradiologist. Results Although all seven models showed decreased performance on the clinical test set compared with the challenge dataset, the models maintained high performances. On noncontrast CT scans, the models achieved a mean AUC of 0.89 (range: 0.79-0.92), sensitivity of 67.0% (range: 30.9%-80.0%), and specificity of 92.9% (range: 82.1%-99.0%). On contrast-enhanced CT scans, the models had a mean AUC of 0.88 (range: 0.76-0.94), sensitivity of 81.9% (range: 42.7%-100.0%), and specificity of 72.1% (range: 16.4%-92.8%). The models identified 10 fractures missed by radiologists. False-positive cases were more common in contrast-enhanced scans and observed in patients with degenerative changes on noncontrast scans, while false-negative cases were often associated with degenerative changes and osteopenia. Conclusion The winning models from the 2022 RSNA AI Challenge demonstrated a high performance for cervical spine fracture detection on a clinical test dataset, warranting further evaluation for their use as clinical support tools.
Indexed as
Cervical VertebraeSpinal FracturesTomography, X-Ray ComputedTrauma CentersAdultContrast MediaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSensitivity and SpecificityContrast MediaConvolutional Neural Network (CNN)CTFeature DetectionGenetic AlgorithmsHead/NeckSpineSupervised LearningTechnology Assessment
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.