ArticleExperimental physiology2025
Reference values for respiratory muscle strength measured with the S-Index Test in well-trained athletes, e-sports athletes and age-matched controls.
Article in Experimental physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Esports Participation and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Prediction models for dynamic respiratory muscle strength in COPD and asthma patients based on fixed-pressure inspiratory muscle performance.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Morphological and functional characterization of respiratory muscles in male runners across different race distances: an ultrasound and physiological assessment.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Respiratory Muscle Performance and Pulmonary Function in Sarcopenic and Non-Sarcopenic Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reference equation for measurement of the maximal dynamic inspiratory muscle pressure index (S-Index) in healthy Brazilian adults.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Preparatory Apneas and Their Influence on Maximal Dry Static Apnea in Breath-Hold Divers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Physiology and the Olympics.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Reference values for respiratory muscle strength measured with the S-Index Test in well-trained athletes, e-sports athletes and age-matched controls.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Inspiratory muscle warm up improves 400 m performance in elite male runners.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Maximal dynamic inspiratory pressure: S-Index prediction values and diagnosis accuracy.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Respiratory function assessment is crucial in optimizing athletic performance, safeguarding respiratory health, and ensuring athletes can perform at their peak potential while minimizing the risk of respiratory-related issues. The S-Index Test is a dynamic evaluation of respiratory muscle strength. However, no comprehensive reference values regarding the S-Index Test have been reported yet. A total of 597 participants performed the S-Index Test. They were either well-trained athletes (WTA), or e-sports athletes (ESA), or age-matched controls (AMC) groups. The differences in S-Index Test results between sexes and for group-sex, and performance calibre tier-sex interactions were examined. The relationships between S-Index Test results and age, anthropometric indices and training experience were assessed. Reference values for all the groups were provided. Amongst athletes, the highest values were observed in swimmers and rowers, and the lowest in figure skaters and runners. The S-Index Test results were different for the group-sex interaction (P = 0.004, 151.6 ± 29.0 cmH
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