ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2024
Age-dependent flexion relaxation phenomenon in chronic low back pain patients.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of 8-Week Pilates Program on Lumbar Flexion-Relaxation Dynamics and Functional Outcomes in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Age-related variations in trunk muscle activation and kinematics during lifting in chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Low Back Pain Using Gene Signature-Based Machine Learning Models.Pain and therapy · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) is characterized by suddenly reduced paraspinal muscle activity during full flexion. Previous studies showed significant differences in FRP and flexion angles in chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients compared to individuals without back pain (no-BP). However, the relationship between FRP and flexion angles remains insufficiently understood in older populations. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between FRP and flexion angles concerning to the age and presence of cLBP. Methods: Forty no-BP subjects (20m/20f; mean age 41.5 years) and thirty-eight cLBP patients (19m/19f; mean age 43.52 years) performed maximum full upper body flexion task. Electromyographic (EMG) measurements were conducted to assess the activity of lumbar erector spinae (ESL), thoracic erector spinae (EST), and multifidus (MF). Lumbar, thoracic, and pelvic angles at the onset (OnsetL/T/P) and offset of the FRP (OffsetL/T/P) and maximum trunk inclination (MaxL/T/P) were calculated. The FRP was evaluated using a flexion relaxation ratio (FRR). Results: cLBP patients showed smaller FRR in MF and right ESL compared to no-BP individuals ( Conclusion: Our findings indicate a reduction or absence of FRP in cLBP patients compared to no-BP individuals, with age being a significant factor as those over 40 showed smaller FRP and flexion angles compared to younger individuals.
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