ArticleCureus2024
Detection of Hemoglobin Constant Spring: A Comparison of Capillary Electrophoresis Versus High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Performance Evaluation of a Premier Resolution HPLC System for Detecting Hemoglobin Constant Spring, Hemoglobin Paksé, and Coexisting α- and β-Thalassemia Mutations.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Many faces of non‑deletional α‑thalassaemia variants in neonate and early childhood.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of haemoglobin constant spring phenotypes and their haematological characteristics among high school students in Terengganu, Malaysia: A single - centred study.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn Malaysia, Hemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS) is the most common non-deletional α-thalassemia, caused by a mutation at the termination codon of the α2-globin gene (TAA>CAA). Detection typically involves identifying an abnormal peak at zone 2 on capillary electrophoresis (CE) or a small peak at the C-window on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), indicative of Hb CS.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between HPLC and CE in detecting Hb CS, evaluating their respective diagnostic accuracies and limitations.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah involving secondary school students (Form 4) from Terengganu who participated in a thalassemia screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health (MOH) from January 2019 to December 2022. Blood samples from subjects showing a positive peak in zone 2 of CE and a small peak at the C-window of HPLC were selected. Molecular studies of these samples were performed to confirm the presence of Hb CS. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to assess the relationship between CE and HPLC results.
resultsHb CS was confirmed in all samples by molecular studies, revealing 92.3% heterozygous, 7.2% compound heterozygous, and 0.5% homozygous cases. CE detected 92.3% of heterozygous Hb CS cases, while HPLC detected only 48.2%. For compound heterozygous Hb CS, CE detected 100%, whereas HPLC detected 89.3%. Both homozygous cases were detected by CE and HPLC. The Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant linear relationship (p<0.001) between CE's zone 2 peak values and HPLC's C-window peaks (n=389). Conclusion: These findings highlight the efficacy of CE as a reliable method for Hb CS detection, suggesting its potential superiority over traditional HPLC in clinical settings.
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