ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2024
Sentinel chicken surveillance reveals previously undetected circulation of West Nile virus in the Netherlands.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence of West Nile Virus Infections in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Netherlands, 2018-2021.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Silent reservoir species are shaping the emergence of Usutu virus.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- A multidisciplinary approach to the detection of and response to West Nile virus in the Netherlands between 2020 and 2023: best practices, challenges and opportunities.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Viral emergence and pandemic preparedness in a One Health framework.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Reconstructing the silent circulation of West Nile Virus in a Caribbean island during 15 years using sentinel serological data.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Usutu Virus Antibody Dynamics in Naturally Infected Blackbirds, the Netherlands, 2016-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence study for selected zoonotic vector-borne pathogens in sheep from endemic areas of Croatia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Netherlands in 2020, with circulation observed in birds, mosquitoes, and humans in two geographical areas. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating in the Netherlands since 2016. Following the detection of WNV in the Netherlands, we investigated the possible use of petting zoos as urban sentinel sites to examine the extent of WNV and USUV circulation around the two WNV outbreak locations. Chickens at petting zoos and in backyards were sampled within a 15-kilometer radius of the confirmed WNV circulation areas at three timepoints over one year (2021-2022). Sera were analysed using a protein microarray for binding antibodies to orthoflavivirus NS1 antigens and reactive samples were confirmed through micro-focus reduction neutralization tests (mFRNT). Furthermore, mosquitoes at sampling locations were collected to assess their blood feeding behaviour. This serosurvey detected the circulation of USUV and WNV in petting zoo and backyard chickens in 2021, both within and outside the 2020 outbreak areas. The WNV circulation was not detected by other existing surveillance schemes in mosquitoes, wild birds, horses and humans. In addition, the results show rapid decay of USUV antibodies in approximately 20 weeks. Our findings support the utility and the added value of petting zoo chickens as sentinels for monitoring USUV and WNV circulation compared to other available methods. Seroconversions observed in petting zoos and backyard chickens living in or near densely populated urban areas further highlighted potential public health risks that went undetected.
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