A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Coptis teeta, an endangered plant of significant medicinal value.

Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae), an endangered plant species of significant medicinal value, predominantly undergoes clonal propagation, potentially compromising the species' evolutionary potential and ultimately increase its risk of extinction. In this study, we successfully assembled two sets of haploid genomes (Hap1 and Hap2) for C. teeta, comprising nine homologous chromosome pairs, by employing Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. The genome annotation identified a total of 43,979 and 46,311 protein-coding genes in Hap1 and in Hap2, and most of them were functionally annotated. The high-quality reference genome will serve as an indispensable genomic resource for conservation and comprehensive exploitation of this endangered species. Between the two haploid genomes, numerous structural alterations were detected within the nine homologous chromosome pairs, potentially resulting in aberrant synapsis and irregular chromosomal segregation and thus contributing to the sustained preservation of clonal propagation in C. teeta. The findings offer new perspective for elucidating the genetic mechanism underlying the compromised sexual reproductive capacity of C. teeta, thereby facilitating its enhancement though molecular breeding and genetic improvement.