ArticleFrontiers in ophthalmology2024
Diagnostic accuracy of a modularized, virtual-reality-based automated pupillometer for detection of relative afferent pupillary defect in unilateral optic neuropathies.
Article in Frontiers in ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and pilot evaluation of a binocular virtual reality Headset-Based pupillometer for quantitative assessment of pupillary light reflexes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in ocular motor and pupil biomarkers for neurological disorders.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Observational
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: To describe the construction and diagnostic accuracy of a modularized, virtual reality (VR)-based, pupillometer for detecting relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in unilateral optic neuropathies, vis-à-vis, clinical grading by experienced neuro-ophthalmologists. Methods: Protocols for the swinging flashlight test and pupillary light response analysis used in a previous stand-alone pupillometer was integrated into the hardware of a Pico Neo 2 Eye Results: The median (25th - 75th quartiles) pupil constriction of the affected eye of cases was 38% (17 - 23%) smaller than their fellow eye (p<0.001), compared to an interocular difference of +/-6% (3 - 15%) in controls. The sensitivity of RAPD detection was 78.5% for the entire dataset and it improved to 85.1% when the physiological asymmetries in the bilateral pupillary miosis were accounted for. Specificity and the area under ROC curve remained between 81 - 96.3% across all analyses. Conclusions: RAPD may be successfully quantified in unilateral neuro-ophthalmic pathology using a VR-technology-based modularized pupillometer. Such an objective estimation of RAPD provides immunity against biases and variability in the clinical grading, overall enhancing its value for clinical decision making.
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