ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Local administration of mRNA encoding cytokine cocktail confers potent anti-tumor immunity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stepwise Evolution of Immunodeficient Mouse Models: Focus on NCG Strains and Their Applications in Humanized Immune System Research.Vaccines · 2026Review
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- mRNA-based therapeutics in lung Cancer: Mechanisms, applications, and translational challenges.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Endobronchial Intratumoral Immuno- and Gene Therapies in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms of Local Delivery, Systemic Immune Effects, and Global Feasibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Take Five: harmonization in personalized cancer vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Hepatology international · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of IL-33 mRNA and STING agonist modulates the breast cancer microenvironment and potentiates immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A novel mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine elicits robust anti-tumor immunity against HPV-associated malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A novel plasmid-based co-tethered transcription platform for high yield, high purity mRNA synthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines in Melanoma: Advances in Delivery and Combination Strategies.Cells · 2025Review
- Advances in Liposomal Interleukin and Liposomal Interleukin Gene Therapy for Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle approaches for manipulating cytokine delivery and neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Incorporating mRNA therapeutics into biological treatments of hematologic malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy using inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-α, has been clinically validated in treating various cancers. However, systemic immunocytokine-based therapies are limited by the short half-life of recombinant proteins and severe dose-limiting toxicities. In this study, we exploited local immunotherapy by intratumoral administration of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding cytokines IL-12, IL-7, and IFN-α. The cytokine mRNA cocktail induced tumor regression in multiple syngeneic mouse models and anti-tumor immune memory in one syngeneic mouse model. Additionally, immune checkpoint blockade further enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of the cytokine mRNAs. Furthermore, human cytokine mRNAs exhibited robust anti-tumor efficacy in humanized mouse tumor models. Mechanistically, cytokine mRNAs induced tumor microenvironment inflammation, characterized by robust T cell infiltration and significant inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.