ArticleBMC oral health2024
Impact of different activation procedures on sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after endodontic retreatment via confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the Effect of Coronal Flaring on SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation in Root Canals with Different Curvatures: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The effect of nano chitosan and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on sealer penetration & bond strength in radicular dentin.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite and super-oxidized water using diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation: an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscopy study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The anti-biofilm effect of ozonated water and super-oxidized water applied with different activation procedures against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Membrane Vesicles ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Evaluating the penetration, interfacial adaptation, and push-out bond strength of four bioceramic-based root canal sealers.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- A Biomimetic Approach to Diode Laser Use in Endodontic Treatment of Immature Teeth: Thermal, Structural, and Biological Analysis.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Effectiveness of XP-Endo Files and Systems: A Narrative Review.International journal of dentistry · 2024Review
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfected dentinal tubules are a possible source of bacteria that are responsible for the failure of root canal treatment. Therefore, disinfection of dentinal tubules by increasing the penetration of the irrigation solution is important for success in retreatment cases. This study utilized confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to assess and compare the impact of XPR, ultrasonic irrigation (UI) and sonic activation (SA) on NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules following endodontic retreatment.
methodsA total of forty mandibular premolars were enrolled in this investigation. Following root canal preparation up to ProTaper X3 file (30/0.07), root canals were obturated with gutta-percha and bioceramic root canal sealer with single cone technique. The root canal filling materials were removed using ProTaper nickel-titanium rotary retreatment files until the working length was reached. The retreatment procedure was finalized using the ProTaper Next X4 (40/0.06). The teeth were divided into four groups based on the irrigation activation technique: control (conventional needle irrigation), SA, UI and XPR. During the final irrigation procedure, Rhodamine B dye was introduced to 5% NaOCl for visualization via CLSM. Subsequent to image acquisition, the maximum penetration, penetration percentage, and penetration area were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Bonferroni Dunn multiple comparison tests through R software (p < 0.05).
resultsIn the middle third, UI yielded a significantly higher penetration percentage than the control group (p < 0.05). The UI and XPR groups showed increased penetration percentages in the coronal and middle thirds compared with the apical third (P < 0.05). Maximum penetration was notably reduced in the apical third than in comparison with the coronal and middle thirds in all groups (p < 0.05). In the control, SA and XP groups, the penetration area was ranked in descending order as coronal, middle and apical (p < 0.05). Conversely, in the ultrasonic group, the penetration area was significantly lower in the apical third than in the middle and coronal thirds (p < 0.05).
conclusionsUI enhanced the penetration percentage in the middle third of the root compared with that in the control group. XPR and SA showed no significant effect on NaOCl penetration following retreatment.
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