ArticleBMC neurology2024
Smoking and cluster headache presentation and responsiveness to treatment.
Article in BMC neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk factors associated to disability in primary headaches: a systematic review to inform future iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking in primary headaches - a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Premonitory phase in primary headaches: shared and divergent mechanisms in migraine and cluster headache, the Junior Editorial Board Members' vision.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Smoking and cluster headache: clinical, gender, and treatment insights from a cross-sectional cluster analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThough an association between cluster headache (CH) and smoking has been postulated, data from the Middle East region is scarce. AIM OF WORK: To study the relationship between smoking and CH clinical characteristics and responsiveness to therapy in Egypt. METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective cohort hospital-based study conducted on patients with episodic and chronic CH in a tertiary headache clinic in Egypt during the period between 2019 and 2023. Patients were consecutively recruited at the time of their presentation and were followed up for two weeks after initiation of prophylactic treatment and steroids (as transitional therapy).
resultsOf 172 patients with CH recruited, 144 (83.7%) were smokers. Twenty-eight patients (16.3%) had chronic CH. The mean age was 42.08 ± 10.93 (20-66) years, and 131 (76.2%) were males. Smokers had a significantly higher median number of cluster bouts in the past five years (3.0 (IQR2.0-4.0) versus 2.0 (IQR 1.0-2.0)) and worse HIT-6 scores [51.0 (44.0-59.75) versus 41.0 (38.0-41.75)] than non-smokers (p < 0.001). The number of cluster bouts in the past five years was positively correlated with the smoking index (r = 0.249 (p = 0.006) and the smoking duration (in years) (r = 0.392 (p < 0.001)). HIT-6 scores were significantly correlated with the age at smoking onset (r=-0.190, = 0.023), smoking index (r = 0.519, p < 0.001), smoking duration (r = 0.611, p < 0.001), and number of cigarettes consumed per day (r = 0.392, p < 0.001).
conclusionSmoking is significantly correlated with the daily frequency of CH attacks, the frequency of CH bouts in the past five years, and the HIT-6 scores among our cohort.
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