ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2024
Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on later-life blood pressure distribution: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on the distribution of later-life memory score levels and decline: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Performance of quantile regression methods with discrete outcomes: A simulation study with applications to environmental epidemiology.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- More schooling is associated with lower hemoglobin A1c at the high-risk tail of the distribution: an unconditional quantile regression analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
We quantified the impact of Vietnam-era G.I Bill eligibility, which subsidized college education for eligible Veterans, on the later-life blood pressure distribution by exploiting the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment. We restricted Health and Retirement Study data (2006-2018) to men born between 1947-1953 (N=1,970). We estimated intention-to-treat effects at the mean and 1st-99th quantiles of blood pressure using linear and quantile regressions. Our outcomes were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hypertension, and self-reported stroke. We proxied G.I. Bill eligibility using lottery-defined draft eligibility. We also conducted analyses stratified by childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) defined based on a previously validated measure. Draft eligibility reduced mean blood pressure outcomes (e.g., effect on SBP: -1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.85, 0.19]). Draft eligibility also had larger protective effects at higher quantiles of the SBP and DBP distributions relative to lower quantiles (effects on SBP at the 10th and 90th quantiles: -0.33mmHg [95% CI -2.35,1.68]; -3.00mmHg [95% CI -5.68,-0.32]). Draft eligibility had protective effects on blood pressure among low and medium cSES men but opposite effects among high cSES men. G.I. Bill eligibility reshaped the blood pressure distribution to one of lower morbidity risk, particularly among low and medium cSES men.
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