ReviewJournal of neurochemistry2025
The GFAP proteoform puzzle: How to advance GFAP as a fluid biomarker in neurological diseases.
Review in Journal of neurochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeted proteoform degradation for precision drug design, delivery, and therapy.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Temporal profiling of hippocampal astrocyte reactivity reveals persistent GFAP cleavage and complement C3 association after status epilepticus.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Classification accuracies of plasma ptau217 vs. ptau217/Aβ1-42 for brain Aβ pathology in cognitively normal older adults.GeroScience · 2026Observational
- Catch-and-display immunoassay for digital biomarker detection.Nanoscale horizons · 2026Article
- Analytical Performance and Evaluation in Clinical Cohorts of a Fully Automated Immunoassay for Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The complement system in Alzheimer's disease: evaluating biomarker potential in a complex neuroimmune context.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin B1-induced brain toxicity in ducks by attenuating inflammation and PANoptosis.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in biofluids: analytical considerations and clinical relevance in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Reference Intervals in Healthy Individuals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Plasma biomarker trajectories across Alzheimer's clinical onset: a 17-year prospective study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Review
- The Dynamics of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Molecular Markers Useful for Establishing the Post-Traumatic Interval in Forensic Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of plasma biomarkers with longitudinal co-pathologies in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease comorbidity.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Catch-and-Display Immunoassay as an Accessible Platform for Digital Biomarker Detection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors for traumatic brain injury biomarker detection: a review of analytical performance, machine learning integration, clinical validation, and point-of-care translation.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- The Role of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential as a Blood Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Progression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Elevated Neurodegeneration Markers in the Aqueous Humor of Primary Open Angle and Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients Correlate With Disease Severity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Trends in clinical studies evaluating neurofilament light chain as a biomarker.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Structural Biology of GFAP: Connotations of Its Potency in Presaging the Diagnosis for Traumatic Brain Injury and AD.Neurology international · 2025Review
- From Amyloid to Synaptic Dysfunction: Biomarker-Driven Insights into Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a well-established biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in the central nervous system because of its elevated levels following brain injury and various neurological disorders. The advent of ultra-sensitive methods for measuring low-abundant proteins has significantly enhanced our understanding of GFAP levels in the serum or plasma of patients with diverse neurological diseases. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GFAP holds promise both as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, including but not limited to individuals with Alzheimer's disease. GFAP exhibits diverse forms and structures, herein referred to as its proteoform complexity, encompassing conformational dynamics, isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we explore how the proteoform complexity of GFAP influences its detection, which may affect the differential diagnostic performance of GFAP in different biological fluids and can provide valuable insights into underlying biological processes. Additionally, proteoforms are often disease-specific, and our review provides suggestions and highlights areas to focus on for the development of new assays for measuring GFAP, including isoforms, PTMs, discharge mechanisms, breakdown products, higher-order species and interacting partners. By addressing the knowledge gaps highlighted in this review, we aim to support the clinical translation and interpretation of GFAP in both CSF and blood and the development of reliable, reproducible and specific prognostic and diagnostic tests. To enhance disease pathology comprehension and optimise GFAP as a biomarker, a thorough understanding of detected proteoforms in biofluids is essential.
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