ArticleJournal of virology2024
Palmitoylation of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein is central to virus particle formation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- ZDHHC18-Mediated Palmitoylation of ORF3a Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis by Antagonizing TRIM16-Mediated Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Behind the membranous curtain-lipid dynamics and functions in coronaviral replication.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- ZDHHC11-mediated palmitoylation of viral envelope protein restricts dengue virus replication: implication for the development of universal anti-flavivirus therapeutic strategies.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Mammarenaviruses depend on endogenous fatty acid synthesis in cell culture systems.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- The roles of post-translational modifications in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses: allies or adversaries?Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Rewriting the viral script: post-translational modifications orchestrating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immune evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- S-palmitoylation and depalmitoylation at the interface of animal virus-host interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Post-Translational Modifications in Respiratory Virus Infection: Recent Insights into the Development of In Vitro Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The function and mechanism of protein acylation in the regulation of viral infection.Virulence · 2025Review
- Remodelled cholesteryl ester enriched lipid droplets fuel flavivirus morphogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in S-palmitoylation and its emerging roles in human diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Production of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles as a vaccine candidate in stable cell lines through inducible E and M protein expression.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- The effect of asparagine-13 in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus envelope protein on pathogenicity.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent Overview of Protein Palmitoylation and Profiling Methodologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Envelope (E) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an integral structural protein in the virus particles. However, its role in the assembly of virions and the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated, including whether the function of E protein is regulated by post-translational modifications. In the present study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 E protein is palmitoylated at C40, C43, and C44 by palmitoyltransferases zDHHC3, 6, 12, 15, and 20. Mutating these three cysteines to serines (C40/43/44S) reduced the stability of E protein, decreased the interaction of E with structural proteins Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid, and thereby inhibited the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) and VLP-mediated luciferase transcriptional delivery. Specifically, the C40/43/44S mutation of E protein reduced the density of VLPs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that palmitoylation of E protein is vital for its function in the assembly of SARS-CoV-2 particles.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we systematically examined the biochemistry of palmitoylation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) E protein and demonstrated that palmitoylation of SARS-CoV-2 E protein is required for virus-like particle (VLP) production and maintaining normal particle density. These results suggest that palmitoylated E protein is central for proper morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs in densities required for viral infectivity. This study presents a significant advancement in the understanding of how palmitoylation of viral proteins is vital for assembling SARS-CoV-2 particles and supports that palmitoyl acyltransferases can be potential therapeutic targets for the development of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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