ArticleiScience2024
3D spheroid culture synchronizes heterogeneous MSCs into an immunomodulatory phenotype with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.
Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Future Perspectives.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- An Efficient Spheroid Manufacturing Workflow for WJ-MSCs: Comparative Evaluation of Immediate 3D Aggregation and Conventional 2D Stabilization.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Potency: Emerging Determinants and Optimization Strategies Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Adult Stem Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Spontaneously formed mesenchymal stem cell spheroids enhance alveolar bone regeneration and suppress inflammation following tooth autotransplantation.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Mechanisms of Anoikis Resistance in Spheroid-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Large-Scale Expansion on the Functional Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional (3D) culture-primed placental mesenchymal stem cells decrease cellular heterogeneity, significantly enhancing osteogenesis via improving mitochondrial function.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Bioinspired artificial nanovesicles engineered from 3D spheroid-cultured UC-MSCs enhance angiogenic activityFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Hanging drop culture reprograms mesenchymal stem cell transcriptome to enhance cell delivery efficiency via attenuated pulmonary entrapment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- DFO-loaded PDA nanoparticles facilitated 3D stem cell spheroids for diabetic wound repair by normalizing the pathological microenvironment.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Enhanced immunomodulatory effects of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3D culture.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Alternating 2D and 3D culture reduces cell size and extends the lifespan of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- 3D Culture of MSCs for Clinical Application.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous in morphology and transcriptome, resulting in varying therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we found that 3D spheroid culture of heterogeneous MSCs, which have undergone conventional 2D monolayer culture for 5-6 passages, synchronized the cells into a uniform cell population with dramatically reduced cell size, and considerably increased levels of immunosuppressive genes and growth factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the cells revealed that 3D MSCs consisted of 2 major cell subpopulations and both expressed high levels of immunosuppressive factors, compared to 6 subpopulations in 2D MSCs. In addition, 3D MSCs showed a greater suppressive effect on T cells. Moreover, intravenous infusion of a large dose of 3D MSCs prior to imiquimod (IMQ) treatment significantly improved psoriatic lesion. Thus, our results indicate that 3D spheroid culture reprograms heterogeneous MSCs into a uniform immunosuppressive phenotype and promises a novel therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.
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