ArticleHeliyon2024
Nickel release from 316L stainless steel following a Ni-free electroplating cycle.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroplating can induce nickel release even from 316L stainless steel, typically considered safe. In this work, the influence of different electroplating processes and surface treatments on nickel release was evaluated. The nickel release was tested according to the EN 1811 standard. The impact of surface roughness on nickel release was assessed by comparing polished and unpolished samples. Results indicate that internal stresses can worsen nickel release, while increasing the thickness of the precious metal layer is beneficial. To corroborate our hypothesis, it was verified that coatings obtained through physical vapor deposition (PVD), without removing the passivation layer of the steel, did not release nickel. For these reasons, we identified the main cause of nickel release as the combined effect of the removal of the passivation layer of stainless steel and the microporosity of the electroplating process.
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