Preparation and characterization of hierarchically porous hybrid gels for efficient dye adsorption.

Water treatment faces significant challenges due to the increasing complexity of pollutants and the need for more efficient, sustainable treatment methods. However, current adsorbent materials often struggle with issues such as low adsorption capacity, slow kinetics, and poor reusability, limiting their practical application. In this study, we developed a novel hierarchical porous hybrid gel (HPHG) for water treatment to address the limitations of conventional adsorbents. The HPHG features a multi-level porous structure (from 48 ± 28 nm to 4385 ± 823 nm) that significantly enhances its porosity and specific surface area. We systematically investigated the relationship between the material's structure and its adsorption performance. Kinetic studies revealed a tendency towards a pseudo-second-order adsorption model, attributed to the material's unique structural features that facilitate rapid mass exchange channels inside HPHG and provide abundant active sites for pollutant adsorption. Reusability tests demonstrated that the material retained 85.4% of its initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications. This study provides valuable insights into structure-performance relationships in advanced water treatment materials, offering a promising approach for designing next-generation adsorbents with superior efficiency and sustainability.