ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2024
Rapid imaging of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) entering ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the choroid plexus in healthy human subjects.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impaired hemodynamics of choroid plexus and its interactions within the glymphatic system in Parkinson's disease.GeroScience · 2026Article
- No evidence of major integrative brain clearance impairment in an Alzheimer´s disease model of transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Post-gadolinium T1 alterations in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Dynamic MRI of Fluid and Solute Transportation across the Arachnoid Barrier in the Human Meninges.Radiology · 2026Article
- Ocular Solute Movement Direction and Intracranial Clearance via Vitreous Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent MR Imaging: Potential as a Novel Biomarker for Glymphatic Dysfunction.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026Article
- Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Imaging the distribution and drainage of fluid in the human olfactory regions using intravenous Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Review
- The role of manganese-based MRI contrast agents for cancer theranostics: Where do we stand in 2025?Theranostics · 2025Review
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Abstract
backgroundPathways for intravenously administered gadolinium-based-contrast-agents (GBCAs) entering cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) circulation in the human brain are not well-understood. The blood-CSF-barrier (BCSFB) in choroid-plexus (CP) has long been hypothesized to be a main entry-point for intravenous-GBCAs into CSF. Most existing studies on this topic were performed in animals and human patients with various diseases. Results in healthy human subjects are limited. Besides, most studies were performed using MRI methods with limited temporal resolution and significant partial-volume effects from blood and CSF.
methodsThis study employs the recently developed dynamic-susceptibility-contrast-in-the-CSF (cDSC) MRI approach to measure GBCA-distribution in the CSF immediately and 4 h after intravenous-GBCA administration in healthy subjects. With a temporal resolution of 10 s, cDSC MRI can track GBCA-induced CSF signal changes during the bolus phase, which has not been investigated previously. It employs a long echo-time (TE = 1347 ms) to suppress tissue and blood signals so that pure CSF signal is detected with minimal partial-volume effects. GBCA concentration in the CSF can be estimated from cDSC MRI. In this study, cDSC and FLAIR MRI were performed immediately and 4 h after intravenous GBCA administration in 25 healthy volunteers (age 48.9 ± 19.5 years; 14 females). Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-GBCA and post-GBCA signal changes, and their correlations with age were evaluated using Pearson-correlation-coefficients.
resultsAt ~ 20 s post-GBCA, GBCA-induced cDSC signal changes were detected in the CSF around CP (ΔS/S = - 2.40 ± 0.30%; P < .001) but not in the rest of lateral ventricle (LV). At 4 h, significant GBCA-induced cDSC signal changes were observed in the entire LV (ΔS/S = - 7.58 ± 3.90%; P = .002). FLAIR MRI showed a similar trend. GBCA-induced CSF signal changes did not correlate with age.
conclusionsThese results provided direct imaging evidence that GBCAs can pass the BCSFB in the CP and enter ventricular CSF immediately after intravenous administration in healthy human brains. Besides, our results in healthy subjects established a basis for clinical studies in brain diseases exploiting GBCA-enhanced MRI to detect BCSFB dysfunction.
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