ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2024
Explainable artificial intelligence models for predicting pregnancy termination among reproductive-aged women in six east African countries: machine learning approach.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Machine learning for predictive risk stratification in recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Current Evidence, Limitations, and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Regulating algorithmic tools in reproductive health: ethical and legal challenges.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Application of machine learning algorithm for prediction of abortion among reproductive age women in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Explainable AI for Symptom-Based Detection of Monkeypox: a machine learning approach.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Improving machine learning models through explainable AI for predicting the level of dietary diversity among Ethiopian preschool children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: An Updated Systematic Review of Their Role in Obstetrics and Midwifery.Cureus · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Pregnancy termination remains a complex and sensitive issue with approximately 45% of abortions worldwide being unsafe, and 97% of abortions occurring in developing countries. Unsafe pregnancy terminations have implications for women's reproductive health. This research aims to compare black box models in their prediction of pregnancy termination among reproductive-aged women and identify factors associated with pregnancy termination using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. We used comprehensive secondary data on reproductive-aged women's demographic and socioeconomic data from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) from six countries in East Africa in the analysis. This study implemented five black box ML models, Bagging classifier, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) Classifier, CatBoost Classifier, and Extra Trees Classifier on a dataset with 338,904 instances and 18 features. Additionally, SHAP, Eli5, and LIME XAI techniques were used to determine features associated with pregnancy termination and Statistical analysis were employed to understand the distribution of pregnancy termination. The results demonstrated that machine learning algorithms were able to predict pregnancy termination on DHS data with an overall accuracy ranging from 79.4 to 85.6%. The ML classifier random forest achieved the highest result, with an accuracy of 85.6%. Based on the results of the XAI tool, the most contributing factors for pregnancy termination are wealth index, current working experience, and source of drinking water, sex of household, education level, and marital status. The outcomes of this study using random forest is expected to significantly contribute to the field of reproductive healthcare in East Africa and can assist healthcare providers in identifying individuals' countries at greater risk of pregnancy termination, allowing for targeted interventions and support.
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