ArticlePlant physiology2024
RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 22 is a key modulator of the root hair growth responses to fungal ethylene emissions in Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated signaling mechanisms governing root hair growth via transcriptional master regulators.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- The size of apoplastic peptides: Do the cell wall matrix and cell-surface receptors matter?Plant communications · 2026Article
- Peptide signaling at the intersection of growth, nutrient sensing, and stress responses.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- The Highly Conserved Cys95 Residue of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 1 Mediates the pH-Driven Structure and Activity of the Enzyme and Photosynthesis.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Article
- RALF33-FERONIA signaling orchestrates postwounding root-tip regeneration via TPR4-ERF115 dynamics.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Small signaling peptides define leaf longevity.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
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14 authors.
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Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh), exposure to volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by Penicillium aurantiogriseum promotes root hair (RH) proliferation and hyper-elongation through mechanisms involving ethylene, auxin, and photosynthesis signaling. In addition, this treatment enhances the levels of the small signaling peptide RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 22 (RALF22). Here, we used genetics to address the role of RALF22 in fungal VC-promoted RH growth and to identify the bioactive fungal VC. We found that RHs of ralf22 and feronia (fer-4) plants impaired in the expression of RALF22 and its receptor FERONIA, respectively, responded weakly to fungal VCs. Unlike in wild-type roots, fungal VC exposure did not enhance RALF22 transcript levels in roots of fer-4 and ethylene- and auxin-insensitive mutants. In ralf22 and fer-4 roots, this treatment did not enhance the levels of ERS2 transcripts encoding one member of the ethylene receptor family and those of some RH-related genes. RHs of ers2-1 and the rsl2rsl4 double mutants impaired in the expression of ERS2 and the ethylene- and auxin-responsive ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 2 and 4 transcription factors, respectively, weakly responded to fungal VCs. Moreover, roots of plants defective in photosynthetic responsiveness to VCs exhibited weak RALF22 expression and RH growth responses to fungal VCs. VCs of ΔefeA strains of P. aurantiogriseum cultures impaired in ethylene synthesis weakly promoted RH proliferation and elongation in exposed plants. We conclude that RALF22 simultaneously functions as a transcriptionally regulated signaling molecule that participates in the ethylene, auxin, and photosynthesis signaling-mediated RH growth response to fungal ethylene emissions and regulation of ethylene perception in RHs.
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