ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Serum Phosphate in the General Population: A Need for Sex-Specific Reference Intervals.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypophosphatemia in Patients Receiving Intravenous Iron Supplementation for Iron-Deficiency Anemia: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Age- and sex-specific reference values for phosphate homeostasis parameters-fibroblast growth factor 23 and soluble Klotho.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Declining eGFR and Uremia Are Associated with Remnant Cholesterol Accumulation and Reduced HDL-C in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of Gender, Menopause, Vitamin D Status, and Tumor Parathyroid Cell Activity on Serum Phosphate Levels in a Large Cohort of Patients with Sporadic Hypercalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The level of response to alcohol is related to level of se-phosphate in the general population.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Observational
- Sex-specific differences in serum phosphate persist in patients with CKD.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPhosphate is important for several metabolic functions and essential for bone mineralization. Sex differences exist in the relation between serum phosphate and certain diseases. The reference interval for phosphate is age-adjusted in infants, but most institutions use the same intervals for adult men and women despite increasing evidence for age and sex differences.
objectiveWe aimed to study these differences in 2 large population-based cohorts to evaluate whether current reference intervals are adequate.
methodsA total of 8837 participants from 3 cohorts of the Rotterdam Study (RS) and 422 443 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB), aged 40 and older and without chronic kidney disease, were analyzed for sex differences in serum phosphate using standard reference values (0.8-1.45 mmol or 2.5-4.5 mg/dL). Analyses were further stratified in women by menopausal status.
resultsWomen had higher serum phosphate concentrations and a higher population range compared to men in all cohorts. Hypophosphatemia was more prevalent in men and hyperphosphatemia was more prevalent in women. Sex differences were present in all age categories. Perimenopausal women had higher serum phosphate concentrations than men of the same age, but lower than postmenopausal women of the same age.
conclusionThis study in 2 population-based cohorts showed that women have higher serum phosphate concentrations than men and that women show a marked increase in serum phosphate during menopause. Moreover, the population range for serum phosphate was higher in women than in men. These findings indicate a need for sex-specific reference intervals for serum phosphate in adults older than 45 years.
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