ArticleFrontiers in neurology2024
Multimodal therapy and use of adjunctive therapies to BoNT-A in spasticity management: defining terminology to help enhance spasticity treatment.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07513714 (Efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Combined With Task- Oriented Training on Upper Limb Recovery in Post-Stroke Patients With Spastic Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From Neurophysiological Mechanisms to Rehabilitation After Botulinum Toxin Type A in Post-Stroke Spasticity.Toxins · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of incobotulinumtoxinA in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Does preconditioning with serial casting prior to abobotulinumtoxinA injection improve outcomes in the rehabilitation of post-stroke wrist and finger flexor spasticity?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Trial
- Effect of Huatuo Zaizao Pill on Neurological Function and Limb Motor Recovery in Ischemic Stroke Patients During Convalescence: An Open-Labelled, Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2025Trial
- Ultrasound-Guided Alcohol Neurolysis for Poststroke Upper Limb Spasticity to Facilitate Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in Hemodialysis: A Case Report.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- A Clinical Practice Framework for Ultrasound-Informed Multimodal Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Proof-of-Concept Case.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical Outcomes of Individualized Electrostimulation Using a Wearable Electro Suit and Qualitative Feedback From a Mixed Cohort of Survivors of Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury With Spasticity: Case Series.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Stiff-person syndrome following west nile virus infection in an immunocompromised patient.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Establishing levels of arm-hand activities in stroke patients: the arm-hand-activities-scale (AHAS).Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- A perspective on the use of the CatWalk device to assess dynamic spasticity in rodent models.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Research progress in the use of botulinum toxin type a for post-stroke spasticity rehabilitation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the Impact of Muscle Vibration Therapy in Neurologic Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Blueprint of Collapse: Precision Biomarkers, Molecular Cascades, and the Engineered Decline of Fast-Progressing ALS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- The use of Botulinum Toxin Type A in patients in out-of-hospital intensive care in Germany-results from a multidisciplinary online survey.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Is Whole-Body Cryostimulation Useful in Modulating Spasticity in Adults with Cerebral Palsy? A Case Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Early recognition of post-stroke spasticity: the I-REFER study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity management should be provided within the context of a comprehensive person-centered rehabilitation program. Furthermore, active goal setting for specific spasticity interventions is also important, with a well-established "more is better" approach. It is critical to consider adjunctive therapy and multimodal approaches if patients are not attaining their treatment goals. Often used interchangeably, there may be confusion between the terms adjunctive and multimodal therapy. Yet it is imperative to understand the differences between these approaches to achieve treatment goals in spasticity management. Addition of a secondary pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment to optimize the efficacy of the initial modality, such as adding electrical stimulation or casting to BoNT-A, is considered an adjunctive therapy. Adjunctive therapy is time-specific and requires the added therapy be initiated within a specific period to enhance the primary treatment; usually within 2 weeks. Multimodal therapy is an integrated, patient-centric program of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies utilized in a concurrent/integrated or sequential manner to enhance the overall treatment effect across a variety of spasticity-associated impairments (e.g., neural and non-neural components). Moreover, within a multimodal approach, adjunctive therapy can be used to help enhance the treatment effect of one specific modality. The objectives of this paper are to clarify the differences between adjunctive and multimodal therapies, provide a brief evidence-based review of such approaches, and highlight clinical insights on selecting multimodal and adjunctive therapies in spasticity management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.