ArticleBJC reports2024
Small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of response in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC patients treated with immunotherapy.
Article in BJC reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Revisiting the Abscopal Effect in the Era of Immuno-Radiotherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Clinical Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer-A Systematic Review.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Liquid Biopsies in HNSCC: Current Landscape and Emerging Opportunities in the Era of HPV Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Peripheral blood biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: distinguishing predictive from prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lymphocytes-Associated Extracellular Vesicles Activate Natural Killer Cells in HNSCC.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Exosomes in early lung cancer diagnostics: the current state of progress made and prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Tumor-derived Exosomes and Antitumor Immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers that effectively predict response to anti-PD-1 mAb therapy in cancer patients are an unmet need. We evaluated the utility of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) as biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Methods: Plasma sEV were isolated from 24 R/M HNSCC patients prior to immunotherapy initiation. sEV were separated by immune capture into T cell-derived CD3(+) and tumor-enriched CD3(-) subsets. Stimulatory and suppressive profiles of CD3(-) sEV were determined by on-bead flow cytometry. Differences were assessed using nonparametric tests. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the relationship with overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: CD3(-)CD44v3(+) sEV represented the majority of plasma sEV; the T-cell-derived CD3(+) fraction was significantly smaller. High CD3(+) sEV was associated with better OS and PFS. Total CD3(-)CD44v3(+) sEV was not associated with outcome. However, suppressive and stimulatory profiles were associated with OS; the suppressive/stimulatory ratio was associated with best response. Exploration of individual proteins on CD3(-) sEV showed that high PD-L1 and high CTLA-4 were associated with better outcomes. Conclusions: Evaluation of the T cell-derived-CD3(+) and tumor-enriched CD3(-) plasma sEV subsets indicated their potential utility as biomarkers of response to immunotherapy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.