ArticleCureus2024
Investigating Interleukin-6 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Diabetic Nephropathy.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Irisin as an Associative Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation in Obesity: Comparative Profiling of IL-6, IL-15, IL-1β, and CCL2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into psoriasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity - Implications for treatment: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Blood pressure variability is associated with the occurrence of diabetic microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Inflammatory Markers and Renal Function.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress markers and inflammation in type 1 and 2 diabetes are affected by BMI, treatment type, and complications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin-Based Nanoparticles Containing α-Linolenic Acid in a Model of Psoriasis In Vitro.Nutrients · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveDiabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication affecting 40% of diabetic individuals, is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It involves a progressive increase in urinary albumin and a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Early detection and intervention are crucial to preventing CKD progression. The current marker, albuminuria, measured as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), has limitations, highlighting the need for alternative biomarkers. Researchers have linked the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) to the progression of DN, observing elevated levels in DN patients compared to those without DN. IL-6 also regulates glucose metabolism, promoting insulin effectiveness and secretion. Inflammation and glucose control are two things that IL-6 does. This makes it a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for DN and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study focuses on IL-6 levels in T2DM patients with and without DN. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From September 2022 to June 2024, the Department of General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, conducted an observational cross-sectional comparative study on 80 T2DM patients, with 40 in group A (cases = T2DM patients with DN) and 40 in group B (controls = T2DM patients without DN). The study included patients with T2DM between the ages of 40 and 80. The study excludes conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with end-stage renal disease, and conditions that increase IL-6, such as COVID-19. The study excluded autoimmune conditions with elevated IL-6, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. We obtained ethical approval and written consent from participants.
resultsIn the current study, 61 patients (76.2%) were 60 years old or younger, while 19 patients (23.8%) were older than 60 years. Among the participants, 38 were females (47.5%) and 42 were males (52.5%). The case group, which consisted of 40 T2DM patients with DN, had a mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.1700 ± 0.71044. In contrast, the control group, comprising 40 T2DM patients without DN, had a mean HbA1c of 6.8650 ± 0.57179. This difference was statistically significant, with a p value of 0.038. Additionally, the mean UACR in the case group was 134.34 ± 95.56, significantly higher than the control group's mean UACR of 22.32 ± 9.90. This difference was highly significant, with a p value of 0.001. Furthermore, the case group exhibited elevated mean IL-6 levels of 15.48 ± 4.27 compared to the control group's 7.02 ± 2.46, which is also highly significant, reflected by a p value of 0.001.
conclusionAs the concentration of IL-6 rises in diabetic patients with nephropathy, this study suggests that IL-6 may have an effect on the development of DN. This cytokine is necessary for both the initiation and progression of the condition. Using IL-6 as a supportive diagnostic test could help rule out other potential causes of DN in T2DM. Moreover, this marker does not require invasive procedures, and early measurement may help reduce mortality and morbidity.
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