ArticleNarra J2024
More severe comorbidities, advanced age, and incomplete vaccination increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality.
Article in Narra J, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a model for early prediction of severe/critical COVID-19 in elderly patients.PeerJ · 2026Article
- The predictive value of the National Early Warning Score for mortality and independent prognostic factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Assessment of the relationship between hematologic parameters, (CPD), in screening for COVID-19 severity in women.Future science OA · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Associations With Sociodemographic and Biological Factors in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous studies have stated that comorbidities are risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, but few have considered the severity or stage of these comorbidities. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the severity of comorbidity, age, and number of COVID-19 vaccinations with COVID-19 mortality. This case-control study was conducted from July 2021 until December 2022 at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The patients were divided into non-survived patients (case group) and survived patients (control group). The inclusion criteria for cases were adult patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19, based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs. Using total sampling, 1,046 confirmed COVID-19 patients, which consisted of 450 (43%) non-survived patients and 596 (57%) survived patients, were included. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (DM) (82.7%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (43%), hypertension (25.7%), and obesity (23.6%). Our multivariate analysis indicated that older age (aOR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.02-1.04,
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