ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2025
A Revolutionary Approach for Combating Efflux Transporter-mediated Resistant Epilepsy: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.
Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epilepsy is a persistent neurological condition that affects 60 million individuals globally, with recurrent spontaneous seizures affecting 80% of patients. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main course of therapy for approximately 65% of epileptic patients, and the remaining 35% develop resistance to medication, which leads to drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). DRE continues to be an important challenge in clinical epileptology. There are several theories that attempt to explain the neurological causes of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy. The theory that has been studied the most is the transporter hypothesis. Therefore, it is believed that upregulation of multidrug efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which extrudes AEDs from their target location, is the major cause, leading to pharmacoresistance in epilepsy. The most effective strategies for managing this DRE are peripheral and central inhibition of P-gp and maintaining an effective concentration of the drug in the brain parenchyma. Presently, no medicinal product that inhibits Pgp is being used in clinical practice. In this review, several innovative and promising treatment methods, including gene therapy, intracranial injections, Pgp inhibitors, nanocarriers, and precision medicine, are discussed. The primary goal of this work is to review the P-gp transporter, its substrates, and the latest novel treatment methods for the management of DRE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39279709What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.