ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2024
Spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria in Rwanda between 2012 and 2022: a demography-specific analysis.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparison of techniques and markers to distinguish Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence from new infection in Rwanda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis risk clusters on Brazil's borders: 2013 to 2022.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
- Understanding malaria dynamics in Benin through time series, and environmental correlation: Implications for targeted interventions.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of selected communicable diseases in Rwanda: a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of major infectious diseases in Rwanda.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Associations between undernutrition and malaria infection: a case-control study from Rwanda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Rift Valley Fever in Rwanda Is Urging for Enhancing Global Health Security Through Multisectoral One Health Strategy.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Modelling the impact of climatic and environmental variables on malaria incidence in Tanzania: Implications for achieving the WHO's 2030 Targets.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundDespite global efforts to reduce and eventually interrupt malaria transmission, the disease remains a pressing public health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study presents a detailed spatio-temporal analysis of malaria transmission in Rwanda from 2012 to 2022. The main objective was to gain insights into the evolving patterns of malaria and to inform and tailor effective public health strategies.
methodsThe study used yearly aggregated data of malaria cases from the Rwanda health management information system. We employed a multifaceted analytical approach, including descriptive statistics and spatio-temporal analysis across three demographic groups: children under the age of 5 years, and males and females above 5 years. Bayesian spatially explicit models and spatio scan statistics were utilised to examine geographic and temporal patterns of relative risks and to identify clusters of malaria transmission.
resultsWe observed a significant increase in malaria cases from 2014 to 2018, peaking in 2016 for males and females aged above 5 years with counts of 98,645 and 116,627, respectively and in 2018 for under 5-year-old children with 84,440 cases with notable geographic disparities. Districts like Kamonyi (Southern Province), Ngoma, Kayonza and Bugesera (Eastern Province) exhibited high burdens, possibly influenced by factors such as climate, vector control practices, and cross-border dynamics. Bayesian spatially explicit modeling revealed elevated relative risks in numerous districts, underscoring the heterogeneity of malaria transmission in these districts, and thus contributing to an overall rising trend in malaria cases until 2018, followed by a subsequent decline. Our findings emphasize that the heterogeneity of malaria transmission is potentially driven by ecologic, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors.
conclusionsThe study underscores the complexity of malaria transmission in Rwanda and calls for climate adaptive, gender-, age- and district-specific strategies in the national malaria control program. The emergence of both artemisinin and pyrethoids resistance and persistent high transmission in some districts necessitates continuous monitoring and innovative, data-driven approaches for effective and sustainable malaria control.
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