ReviewBMC medicine2024
Prenatal environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and their potential mechanisms.
Review in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Social Interaction in Adults and Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Valproate Exposure as anCNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Perinatal Risk Factors.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Prenatal and Lactation Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) at the Global Mean Daily Intake Level Leads to Sex-Dependent Changes in Microglial State, Gene Expression, and Behavioral Patterns in Newborn and Juvenile Wistar Rat Offspring.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The WNT/β-catenin Pathway and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Connection.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2026Review
- Shared and disorder-specific prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders: a nationwide cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal targeted maternal pregnancy metabolomic profiles, child emotional and behavioral problems, and autism related traits in the NYU CHES cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations of prenatal metal exposures with autism-related outcomes in the ECHO cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Elevation of HNeuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Interaction of the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System: Implications in Gastrointestinal Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Review
- Understanding Sex and Gender Effects on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Correction of eIF4E overactivation rescues translatome imbalance and core ASD-like behaviors in valproic acid-induced offspring mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of nutritional supplementation on social impairment and behavioral dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: a network meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Group B Streptococcus antibiotics treatment during pregnancy and the risk of four neurodevelopmental outcomes in Swedish children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diosgenin ameliorates behavioral alterations, hippocampal oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic deficits in a rat model of autism induced by valproic acid.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Fetal MRI reveals altered prenatal cortical surface area in fetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Risk factors for autism spectrum disorder among infants and children admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit.Dialogues in health · 2026Article
- Transcriptome profile analysis of genes by RNA-sequencing in neonatal maternal separation rats with autistic-like behaviors.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is globally increasing in prevalence. The rise of ASD can be partially attributed to diagnostic expansion and advocacy efforts; however, the interplay between genetic predisposition and modern environmental exposures is likely driving a true increase in incidence. A range of evidence indicates that prenatal exposures are critical. Infection during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and maternal obesity are established risk factors for ASD. Emerging areas of research include the effects of maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antibiotics, and exposure to toxicants during pregnancy on brain development and subsequent ASD. The underlying pathways of these risk factors remain uncertain, with varying levels of evidence implicating immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, gut microbiome alterations, and hormonal disruptions. This narrative review assesses the evidence of contributing prenatal environmental factors for ASD and associated mechanisms as potential targets for novel prevention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.