ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024
Cortical activity during online motor control in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: a cross-sectional functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of gross motor exercises on perception and praxis in children with motor coordination difficulties-randomized controlled study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Trial
- The choice stepping reaction task: how prefrontal network topology reconfigures in aging and dementia.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Neural and Kinematic Characteristics of Reaching in Autistic Children During Movement Observation, Execution, and Synchronization: An fNIRS Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Advancing understanding of developmental coordination disorder in children: data from the literature.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- fNIRS as a biomarker for X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders: leveraging visual processing to assess brain function?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundChildren with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have impaired online motor control. Researchers posit that this impairment could be due to a deficit in utilizing the internal model control process. However, there is little neurological evidence to support this view because few neuroimaging studies have focused specifically on tasks involving online motor control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in cortical hemodynamic activity during an online movement adjustment task between children with and without DCD.
methodsTwenty children with DCD (mean age: 9.88 ± 1.67 years; gender: 14M/6F) and twenty age-and-gender matched children with typical development (TD) (mean age: 9.87 ± 1.59 years; gender: 14M/6F) were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants performed a double-step reaching task under two conditions (with and without online adjustment of reaching). Cortical hemodynamic activity during task in ten regions of interest, including bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, superior parietal cortex, and inferior parietal cortex was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. In the analyses, change in oxyhemoglobin (ΔHbO) concentration was used to characterize hemodynamic response. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted for each region of interest to compare hemodynamic responses between groups and conditions. Additionally, Pearson's r correlations between hemodynamic response and task performance were performed.
resultsOutcome showed that children with DCD required significantly more time to correct their reaching movements compared to the control group (t = 3.948, P < 0.001). Furthermore, children with DCD have a significantly lower ΔHbO change in the left superior parietal cortex during movement correction, compared to children with TD (F = 4.482, P = 0.041). Additionally, a significant negative correlation (r = - 0.598, P < 0.001) was observed between the difference in movement time of reaching and the difference in ΔHbO between conditions in the left superior parietal cortex.
conclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that deficiencies in processing real-time sensory feedback, considering the function of the superior parietal cortex, might be related to the impaired online motor control observed in children with DCD. Interventions could target this issue to enhance their performance in online motor control.
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