Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39277094›Full record

ArticleActa biomaterialia2024

3D-ink-extruded titanium scaffolds with porous struts and bioactive supramolecular polymers for orthopedic implants.

John P Misiaszek, Nicholas A Sather, Alyssa M Goodwin, Hogan J Brecount, Steven S Kurapaty, Jacqueline E Inglis, Erin L Hsu, Samuel I Stupp, Stuart R Stock, David C Dunand

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta biomaterialia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Extrusion-printed LaNature communications · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

John P MisiaszekDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Electronic address: Johnmisiaszek2026@u.northwestern.edu.
Nicholas A SatherDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querry Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: nicholas.sather@northwestern.edu.
Alyssa M GoodwinDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: alyssamargaret.goodwin@northwestern.edu.
Hogan J BrecountDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: hogan.brecount@northwestern.edu.
Steven S KurapatyDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: steven.kurapaty@northwestern.edu.
Jacqueline E InglisDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jacqueline.inglis@northwestern.edu.
Erin L HsuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querry Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: e-hsu@northwestern.edu.
Samuel I StuppDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querry Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States. Electronic address: s-stupp@northwestern.edu.
Stuart R StockSimpson Querry Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Simpson Querry Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: s-stock@northwestern.edu.
David C DunandDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Electronic address: dunand@northwestern.edu.

Funding

Supramolecular nanofibers for recombinant growth factor-free spine fusionR01AR072721 · NIAMS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI STUPP, SAMUEL I · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR072721
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porous titanium addresses the longstanding orthopedic challenges of aseptic loosening and stress shielding. This work expands on the evolution of porous Ti with the manufacturing of hierarchically porous, low stiffness, ductile Ti scaffolds via direct-ink write (DIW) extrusion and sintering of inks containing Ti and NaCl particles. Scaffold macrochannels were filled with a subtherapeutic dose of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) alone or co-delivered within a bioactive supramolecular polymer slurry (SPS) composed of peptide amphiphile nanofibrils and collagen, creating four treatment conditions (Ti struts: microporous vs. fully dense; BMP-2 alone or with SPS). The BMP-2-loaded scaffolds were implanted bilaterally across the L4 and L5 transverse processes in a rat posterolateral lumbar fusion model. In-vivo bone growth in these scaffolds is evaluated with synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) to study the effects of strut microporosity and added biological signaling agents on the bone formation response. Optical and scanning electron microscopy confirms the ∼100 µm space-holder micropore size, high-curvature morphology, and pore fenestrations within the struts. Uniaxial compression testing shows that the microporous strut scaffolds have low stiffness and high ductility. A significant promotion in bone formation was observed for groups utilizing the SPS, while no significant differences were found for the scaffolds with the incorporation of micropores. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By 2050, the anticipated number of people aged 60 years and older worldwide is anticipated to double to 2.1 billion. This rapid increase in the geriatric population will require a corresponding increase in orthopedic surgeries and more effective materials for longer indwelling times. Titanium alloys have been the gold standard of bone fusion and fixation, but their use has longstanding limitations in bone-implant stiffness mismatch and insufficient osseointegration. We utilize 3D-printing of titanium with NaCl space holders for large- and small-scale porosity and incorporate bioactive supramolecular polymers into the scaffolds to increase bone growth. This work finds no significant change in bone ingrowth via space-holder-induced microporosity but significant increases in bone ingrowth via the bioactive supramolecular polymers in a rat posterolateral fusion model.

Indexed as

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2Rats, Sprague-DawleyTissue ScaffoldsTitaniumAnimalsHumansPolymersPorosityPrinting, Three-DimensionalProstheses and ImplantsRatsRecombinant ProteinsTransforming Growth Factor betaX-Ray MicrotomographyBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Polymersrecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2Recombinant ProteinsTitaniumTransforming Growth Factor betaDirect-inkMicroporosityPeptide amphiphileSupramolecular polymerTi

Identifiers

PMID39277094
PMCPMC11486560

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.