ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Multiple Posterior Insula Projections to the Brainstem Descending Pain Modulatory System.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Functional brain alterations associated with acupuncture for chronic pain: a scoping review of fMRI studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Excitatory paraventricular thalamus-posterior insular cortex circuit mediates pain-anxiety comorbidity in diabetic neuropathy.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Glutamatergic pathway from deep layers of the insular cortex to the rostral central medial thalamic nucleus participates in neuropathic pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- A GABAergic Projection from the Zona Incerta to the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Modulates Descending Control of Neuropathic Pain.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The posterior insula as an independent pain center: Two cases of isolated facial pain-type epilepsy revealed by stereo-electroencephalography.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Oxytocin in periaqueductal gray plasticly regulates strain-dependent social recognition memory in mice, modeling social identity.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Study of pain perception under negative emotions and its large-scale brain network dynamics in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Top-down descending modulation of dorsal spinal excitatory transmission from the insular cortex.Molecular painArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
The insular cortex is an important hub for sensory and emotional integration. It is one of the areas consistently found activated during pain. While the insular's connections to the limbic system might play a role in the aversive and emotional component of pain, its connections to the descending pain system might be involved in pain intensity coding. Here, we used anterograde tracing with viral expression of mCherry fluorescent protein, to examine the connectivity of insular axons to different brainstem nuclei involved in the descending modulation of pain in detail. We found extensive connections to the main areas of descending pain control, namely, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the raphe magnus (RMg). In addition, we also identified an extensive insular connection to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Although not as extensive, we found a consistent axonal input from the insula to different noradrenergic nuclei, the locus coeruleus (LC), the subcoereuleus (SubCD) and the A5 nucleus. These connections emphasize a prominent relation of the insula with the descending pain modulatory system, which reveals an important role of the insula in pain processing through descending pathways.
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