ArticleCells2024
Metformin Alleviates Inflammation and Induces Mitophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Suffering from Mitochondrial Damage.
Article in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an umbrella analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the impacts of type 2 diabetes and metformin use on Parkinson's disease: Mendelian randomization analysis and a national cohort study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- In vitro tolerability of soluble silicic acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate in ocular epithelial cells.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Metformin attenuates HSV-1-induced neuropathic pain by restoring Sirt3-mediated mitophagy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Oxygen Consumption and Systemic Bioenergetics in Glaucoma Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Mitophagy in inflammatory bowel disease: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The key mechanisms and intervention strategies of cell-type-specific mitochondrial metabolism in ophthalmic diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tocilizumab for Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Revolutionary drug repositioning: the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs in age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), deficient autophagy/mitophagy, and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Metformin has been shown to activate mitophagy, alleviate inflammation, and lower the odds of developing AMD. Here, we explored the ability of metformin to activate mitophagy and alleviate inflammation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Human ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with metformin for 1 h prior to exposure to antimycin A (10 µM), which induced mitochondrial damage. Cell viability, ROS production, and inflammatory cytokine production were measured, while autophagy/mitophagy proteins were studied using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Metformin pre-treatment reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 to 42% and 65% compared to ARPE-19 cells exposed to antimycin A alone. Metformin reduced the accumulation of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 (43.9%) and the levels of LC3 I and II (51.6% and 48.6%, respectively) after antimycin A exposure. Metformin also increased the colocalization of LC3 with TOM20 1.5-fold, suggesting active mitophagy. Antimycin A exposure increased the production of mitochondrial ROS (226%), which was reduced by the metformin pre-treatment (84.5%). Collectively, metformin showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential with mitophagy induction in human RPE cells suffering from mitochondrial damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.