ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis and Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at an Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpretable Machine Learning for Emergency Department Triage: Clinical Insights from 133,198 Patients Using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age as a key predictor of 6-week mortality in cirrhotic patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Patient Blood Management: A Systematic Review of Predictive, Diagnostic, and Decision Support Applications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Unsupervised Clustering of 41,728 Emergency Department Visits: Insights into Patient Profiles and KTAS Reliability.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Predicting Mortality in Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Machine Learning Models Versus Conventional Clinical Risk Scores.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based risk stratification for gastrointestinal bleeding in ICU patients with cirrhosis: evidence from the MIMIC database.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Mapping artificial intelligence models in emergency medicine: A scoping review on artificial intelligence performance in emergency care and education.Turkish journal of emergency medicineReview
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCirrhosis is a major global cause of mortality, and upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding significantly increases the mortality risk in these patients. Although scoring systems such as the Child-Pugh score and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease evaluate the severity of cirrhosis, none of these systems specifically target the risk of mortality in patients with upper GI bleeding. In this study, we constructed machine learning (ML) models for predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis and upper GI bleeding, particularly in emergency settings, to achieve early intervention and improve outcomes.
methodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the electronic health records of adult patients with cirrhosis who presented at an emergency department (ED) with GI bleeding between 2001 and 2019. Data were divided into training and testing sets at a ratio of 90:10. The ability of three ML models-a linear regression model, an XGBoost (XGB) model, and a three-layer neural network model-to predict mortality in the patients was evaluated.
resultsA total of 16,025 patients with cirrhosis and 32,826 ED visits for upper GI bleeding were included in the study. The in-hospital and ED mortality rates were 11.2% and 2.2%, respectively. The XGB model exhibited the highest performance in predicting both in-hospital and ED mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.866 and 0.861, respectively). International normalized ratio, renal function, red blood cell distribution width, age, and white blood cell count were the strongest predictors in all the ML models. The median ED length of stay for the ED mortality group was 17.54 h (7.16-40.01 h).
conclusionsML models can be used to predict mortality in patients with cirrhosis and upper GI bleeding. Of the three models, the XGB model exhibits the highest performance. Further research is required to determine the actual efficacy of our ML models in clinical settings.
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