ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2024
Causal relationship between circulating glutamine levels and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and mendelian randomization analyses.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The role of glutamine metabolism in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolic dysregulation in pulmonary fibrosis: insights into amino acid contributions and therapeutic potential.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Calcium-Sensing Receptor as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and debilitating respiratory disease with a median survival of less than 5 years. In recent years, glutamine has been reported to be involved in the regulation of collagen deposition and cell proliferation in fibroblasts, thereby influencing the progression of IPF. However, the relationships between glutamine and the incidence, progression, and treatment response of IPF remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating glutamine levels and IPF, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
methodsWe performed a comprehensive Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using the most recent genome-wide association study summary-level data. A total of 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly correlated to glutamine levels were identified as instrumental variables. Eight MR analysis methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, constrained maximum likelihood, contamination mixture, robust adjusted profile score, and debiased inverse-variance weighted method, were used to assess the relationship between glutamine levels with IPF.
resultsThe inverse variance weighted analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between glutamine levels and IPF risk (Odds Ratio = 0.750; 95% Confidence Interval : 0.592-0.951; P = 0.017). Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO global test, confirmed the robustness of our findings, with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.
conclusionOur study provides novel evidence for a causal relationship between lower circulating glutamine levels and increased risk of IPF. This finding may contribute to the early identification of high-risk individuals for IPF, disease monitoring, and development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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