ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2024
Occurrence and health risk assessment of PFAS and possible precursors: a case study in a drinking water treatment plant and bottled water (south Catalonia, Spain).
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in air samples from urban areas close to industrial complexes and human risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The presence of PFAS in drinking water may pose a serious threat to human health. This study aims to determine the levels of these compounds and their precursors in water samples from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located in l'Ampolla (Spain) and to assess their fate. Additionally, ten Spanish bottled waters were analyzed to compare the occurrence of PFAS in the mentioned matrices and in drinking water. Off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to determine 26 PFAS and PFAS precursors after a total oxidizable precursor assay. The analytical method presents low quantification limits (0.25-5 ng/L). A total PFAS concentration of up to 16 ng/L in all the DWTP samples was obtained, and 6:2 FTS was the only precursor detected. Results are close to the quantification limits, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty, and for this, it is difficult to evaluate the DWTP PFAS removal efficiency. Regarding bottled water, total PFAS concentration found was up to 12 ng/L in one of ten samples, with no precursors detected. Exposure assessment revealed that there is no risk associated with the ingestion of the samples analyzed. Moreover, there were no differences in terms of risk between drinking water from l'Ampolla DWTP and bottled water.
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