Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39270654›Full record

ArticleNeuron2024

A neural basis of choking under pressure.

Adam L Smoulder, Patrick J Marino, Emily R Oby, Sam E Snyder, Hiroo Miyata, Nick P Pavlovsky, William E Bishop, Byron M Yu, Steven M Chase, Aaron P Batista

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Neural Bases of Collective Social Behavior and Group Interactions across Species.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Uncertainty Shapes Neural Dynamics in Motor Cortex During Reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Preparatory activity and the expansive null-space.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024
    Review
  13. Common Mechanisms of Learning in Motor and Cognitive Systems.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Adam L SmoulderDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Patrick J MarinoCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Emily R ObyCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sam E SnyderCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Hiroo MiyataDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nick P PavlovskyDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
William E BishopJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, GA, USA.
Byron M YuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Steven M ChaseDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: schase@cmu.edu.
Aaron P BatistaCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: aaron.batista@pitt.edu.

Funding

Memory Formation in Motor CortexR01NS129584 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Aaron Paul Batista, Steven M Chase · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
Interrogating and Perturbing Neural DynamicsR01NS105318 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Aaron Paul Batista, Steven M Chase · 2017 to 2026
$2.3M
Neural Mechanisms of Motivated MovementR01NS129098 · NINDS · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI Aaron Paul Batista, Steven M Chase · 2023 to 2026
$1.4M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105318NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS129098NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS129584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Incentives tend to drive improvements in performance. But when incentives get too high, we can "choke under pressure" and underperform right when it matters most. What neural processes might lead to choking under pressure? We studied rhesus monkeys performing a challenging reaching task in which they underperformed when an unusually large "jackpot" reward was at stake, and we sought a neural mechanism that might result in that underperformance. We found that increases in reward drive neural activity during movement preparation into, and then past, a zone of optimal performance. We conclude that neural signals of reward and motor preparation interact in the motor cortex (MC) in a manner that can explain why we choke under pressure.

Indexed as

Macaca mulattaMotor CortexPsychomotor PerformanceRewardAnimalsMaleMotivationMovementNeuronsmotivationmotor cortexmovement preparationparadoxical performance decrementreachingrewardreward-mediated performance

Identifiers

PMID39270654
PMCPMC11791831

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.