ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025
Early, Robust Mucosal Secretory Immunoglobulin A but not Immunoglobulin G Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike in Oral Fluid Is Associated With Faster Viral Clearance and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptom Resolution.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mucosal Immunoglobulin A in Clinical Saliva Samples After a Dose of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine.Journal of medical virology · 2025Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Elicits a Strong Mucosal Antibody Response That May Facilitate Quicker Mucosal Viral Clearance.Viruses · 2026Article
- Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Infection Versus Vaccination on Mucosal Immunity in Breastmilk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mucosal Immune Responses in People Living with HIV May Confer Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Infections After COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Validation of a Mucosal IgA Assay for SARS-CoV-2.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Intranasal immunization with live-attenuated RSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immunity and protects against viral challenge and natural infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impaired mucosal IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adenoviral vector oropharyngeal spray immunization elicits mucosal immunity and protects against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Clinical and Immunological Recovery Trajectories in Severe COVID-19 Survivors: A 12-Month Prospective Follow-Up Study.Viruses · 2025Article
- XBB.1.5 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Induce Inadequate Mucosal Immunity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Multi-layered deep immune profiling, SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and inflammation in unvaccinated COVID-19 individuals with persistent symptoms.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Acute SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance and Long COVID-19 (Long COVID) Symptoms: A Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Development and Concordance of Binding and Neutralizing Assays to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Activity in Human Milk.Pathogens & immunity · 2025Article
- Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid.Science translational medicine · 2024Review
- Inter-laboratory harmonization of microsphere immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection in dried blood spots and oral fluids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Beyond the Blood: Insights Into Mucosal Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation SocietyArticle
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEfforts are underway to support the development of novel mucosal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. However, there is limited consensus about the complementary role of mucosal immunity in disease progression and how to evaluate immunogenicity of mucosal vaccines. This study investigated the role of oral mucosal antibody responses in viral clearance and COVID-19 symptom duration.
methodsParticipants with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provided oral fluid for testing with SARS-CoV-2 antibody multiplex assays, nasal swabs for reverse-transcription PCR, and symptom information at up to 8 follow-ups from April 2020 to February 2022.
resultsHigh and moderate oral fluid anti-spike (S) secretory IgA (SIgA) postinfection was associated with significantly faster viral clearance and symptom resolution across age groups with effect sizes equivalent to prior COVID-19 vaccine immunity at the time of infection. Those with high and moderate anti-S SIgA cleared the virus 14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-18) days and recovered 9-10 (95% CI, 6-14) days earlier. Delayed and higher anti-S IgG was associated with significantly longer time to clearance and recovery. Experiencing symptoms >4 weeks was associated with lower anti-receptor-binding domain SIgA 15-30 days after infection onset (P < .001).
conclusionsRobust mucosal SIgA early postinfection appears to support faster clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and recovery from COVID-19 symptoms. This research underscores the importance of harmonizing mucosal immune response assays to evaluate new mucosal vaccines.
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