ArticleCureus2024
Investigation of the Relationship Between Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Arsenic, and Lead) and Metallothionein in Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cumulative and Interactive Effects of Heavy Metal Mixtures Across Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comparative Review of Alzheimer, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Metallothioneins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Metal Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Emerging Roles of Metallothioneins in Human Pathophysiology: A Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Toxicity and Its Modification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mapping the complexity of multiple sclerosis: a novel perspective on genetic, environmental, and neurobiological insights.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Metallothioneins in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases: A Review.International journal of hepatology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimMultiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders. Metals are important for the maintenance and preservation of homeostasis and dysregulated metal homeostasis has an impact on neurodegeneration. Environmental factors are considered to contribute to MS risk and progression. Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are widely found in the environment and because of their toxic nature, they pose a great danger to human health. Metallothioneins (MTs) play important roles in metal homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metals.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb) and MT levels in MS patients and also to assess the oxidative stress status of patients.
methodFifty subjects (20 healthy subjects and 30 MS patients) were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients, plasma MT levels, blood Cd, As, and Pb levels, as well as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated as a marker of oxidative stress.
resultsMT levels were slightly higher in the MS group (p > 0.05). As Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher in the control subjects. MDA levels were significantly higher in MS patients.
conclusionOur results support the relevance of MT and MDA levels in MS. Further clinical studies with larger cohorts will provide more insights into these factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.