Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39264755›Full record

ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

N-degron pathways.

Alexander Varshavsky

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular insights into NLRP1 Gly/N-degron recognition by CRL2Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. A C-degron regulates Chk1 kinase by allowing stability of inactive Chk1 and by making it short- lived upon activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Identification of a Ubiquitin-Independent Degron by a Reporter Assay.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. An Enigma of N-termini dependent protein degradation.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025
    Article
  20. Method Overview for Discovering ATE1 Substrates and their Arginylation Sites.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Alexander VarshavskyDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.ORCID 0000-0002-4011-258X

Funding

The Functions, Mechanisms, and Regulation of N-Terminal ArginylationR01GM031530 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ALEXANDER J VARSHAVSKY · 1985 to 2026
$14.5M
Ubiquitin Ligases, Mechanisms and Functions of the N-End Rule PathwayR01DK039520 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI VARSHAVSKY, ALEXANDER J · 1988 to 2025
$10.0M
MECHANICS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE N-END RULE PATHWAYR37DK039520 · NIDDK · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI VARSHAVSKY, ALEXANDER J · 1998 to 2007
$4.4M
Ubiquitin Ligases, Mechanisms and Functions of the N-End Rule PathwayR56DK039520 · NIDDK · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI VARSHAVSKY, ALEXANDER J · 2008 to 2008
$161k
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) DK039520HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) GM031530NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK039520NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK039520NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK039520NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM031530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An N-degron is a degradation signal whose main determinant is a "destabilizing" N-terminal residue of a protein. Specific N-degrons, discovered in 1986, were the first identified degradation signals in short-lived intracellular proteins. These N-degrons are recognized by a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system called the Arg/N-degron pathway. Although bacteria lack the ubiquitin system, they also have N-degron pathways. Studies after 1986 have shown that all 20 amino acids of the genetic code can act, in specific sequence contexts, as destabilizing N-terminal residues. Eukaryotic proteins are targeted for the conditional or constitutive degradation by at least five N-degron systems that differ both functionally and mechanistically: the Arg/N-degron pathway, the Ac/N-degron pathway, the Pro/N-degron pathway, the fMet/N-degron pathway, and the newly named, in this perspective, GASTC/N-degron pathway (GASTC = Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Cys). I discuss these systems and the expanded terminology that now encompasses the entire gamut of known N-degron pathways.

Indexed as

ProteolysisAnimalsDegronsHumansProteinsSignal TransductionUbiquitinProteinsUbiquitindegronN-terminalproteasomeproteolysisubiquitin

Identifiers

PMID39264755
PMCPMC11441550

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.