SynthesisClinical pharmacokinetics2024
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Systemic Corticosteroids in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence.
Synthesis in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low-dose corticosteroids in severe pulmonary infection: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of glucocorticoid use in type 1 diabetes: Glycaemic effects and clinical management strategies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Octopus-inspired suction-cup microneedle patch enables intralesional SMAD7/Budesonide co-delivery to disrupt TGF-β-driven fibrotic remodeling.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Antibody-Based Therapeutics in Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Systemic corticosteroids for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review of mechanisms and critical appraisal of recent trials in ICU.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Benefit of Allopurinol in the Treatment of Foreign Body Granulomas Caused by Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Problems associated with the ATC system of drug classification.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Total and Protein-Unbound Prednisolone in Children with Immune-Mediated and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Mendelian Randomization Uncovers Potential Repurposable Medications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Probiotic drug interactions in ulcerative colitis: a microbiota and metabolite perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy and IVF Outcomes in Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review with Implications for Personalized Reproductive Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Irisin regulates the phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor Ser212 and Ser234 and mediates glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy in mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Steroid-Induced Thrombosis: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the FAERS Database.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunotropic Effects of Steroid Hormone Medicines in Combination with Plasma-Treated Solution in Women of a Reproductive Age and Postmenopausal Women.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Gouty Arthritis Treatment: Advancements in Topical Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Delivery Systems.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- Effects of previous steroid treatment on ischemic stroke outcomes: a propensity score-matched hospital analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Inflammation: The Cause of All Diseases.Cells · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveSystemic corticosteroids have a long history of use in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Both efficacy and safety show large interindividual variability (IIV), suggesting that corticosteroids may have the potential for individualised dosing strategies to optimise therapy. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships of systemic corticosteroids in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for PK/PD studies of systemic corticosteroids in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in humans published until December 2023. Studies were scored from 1 to 5 according to criteria for the levels of evidence, as inspired by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
resultsTwelve studies (1981-2016) were included. The majority of these studies had a small sample size. The corticosteroids involved were prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and budesonide. Substantial IIV of corticosteroid PK was described in all studies. Evidence for a relationship between the PK of corticosteroids and efficacy was inconclusive and limited. However, there was some evidence for a relationship between the PK of prednisolone and the severity of Cushingoid features.
conclusionThere is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on the potential associations between PK and clinical outcome of systemic corticosteroid treatment in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This is remarkable given the many decades that steroid drugs have been used in clinical care. Prospective research is recommended with robust and well-defined cohorts to fully quantify the PK/PD associations of corticosteroids.
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