ArticleFrontiers in physiology2024
Sequential recruitment of body fluid spaces for increasing volumes of crystalloid fluid.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute myocardial mechanical responses to colloid and crystalloid volume loading: A randomized double-blind crossover study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Detection of hypovolemia by non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring during major surgery using Ringer´s solution, 5% albumin, or 20% albumin as infusion fluid: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Microcirculatory perfusion is improved with plasma, but not with crystalloids, in a rat polytraumatic shock model.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Hypovolemic Shock in the Setting of Third Spacing with Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Physiology-Guided Management of Fluid Resuscitation-Case Report and Literature Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
- Vasoactive drugs and the distribution of crystalloid fluid during acute sepsis.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Article
- The physiologic power of fluid circulation and implications for fluid therapy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Pushing the needle beyond preload: toward dynamic evaluation of venous congestion.Critical care science · 2026Article
- Volume kinetics of lactated Ringer's solution in adult horses.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- When does the "third fluid space" open?Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Physiology and Molecular Mechanisms of the "Third Fluid Space".Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Where does the fluid go?Annals of intensive care · 2025Review
- Attenuation of the plasma volume response to crystalloid fluid used for goal-directed fluid therapy.Annals of intensive care · 2025Article
- Capillary Filtration of Plasma Is Accelerated During General Anesthesia: A Secondary Population Volume Kinetic Analysis.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Volume kinetics in a translational porcine model of stabilized sepsis with fluid accumulation.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Perioperative fluid therapy in adults and children: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Influence of awakening from general anesthesia on the distribution of glucose 2.5% with balanced electrolytes in adults.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The interstitial space harbours two fluid compartments linked serially to the plasma. This study explores conditions that lead to fluid accumulation in the most secluded compartment, termed the "third space". Methods: Retrospective data was collected from 326 experiments in which intravenous crystalloid fluid was administered to conscious volunteers as well as a small group of anaesthetized patients. The urinary excretion and plasma dilution derived from haemoglobin served as input variables in nine population volume kinetic analyses representing subtly different settings. Results: An infusion of 250-500 mL of Ringer's solution expanded only the central fluid space (plasma), whereas the infusion of 500-1,000 mL extended into a rapidly exchanging interstitial fluid space. When more than 1 L was infused over 30 min, it was distributed across plasma and both interstitial fluid compartments. The remote space, characterized by slow turnover, abruptly accommodated fluid upon accumulation of 700-800 mL in the rapidly exchanging space, equivalent to an 11%-13% volume increase. However, larger expansion was necessary to trigger this event in a perioperative setting. The plasma half-life of crystalloid fluid was 25 times longer when 2,000-2,700 mL expanded all three fluid compartments compared to when only 250-500 mL expanded the central space (14 h versus 30 min). Conclusion: As the volume of crystalloid fluid increases, it apparently occupies a larger proportion of the interstitial space. When more than 1 L is administered at a high rate, there is expansion of a remote "third space", which considerably extends the intravascular half-life.
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