ArticleTobacco induced diseases2024
Comparison of smoking conventional cigarettes and using heated tobacco products on the olfactory and gustatory function in healthy young adults: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effects of Heated Tobacco Products on Oral Health and Quality of Life: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smoking as a persistent global health challenge: perspectives on heated tobacco products.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Impaired olfactory function in substance use disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Subjective smell- and taste loss in diabetes-A questionnaire-based study on 47 011 individuals with diabetes and matched controls.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- IMPAIRED OLFACTORY FUNCTION IN SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSmoking has a negative impact on the chemosensory function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of smoking experience and type of tobacco products on gustatory and olfactory function.
methodsThis study included 30 conventional cigarette smokers, 30 heated tobacco products (HTPs) users, and 30 non-smokers. Olfactory function was assessed with a 'Sniffin' Sticks Screening 12 Test' while the taste function was assessed with 'taste strips' for the basic tastes of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The lifetime exposure to smoking was calculated using the Brinkman index (BI).
resultsConventional cigarette smokers demonstrated decreased olfactory function in comparison to non-smokers (median: 10 vs 11; p=0.001) but HTPs users did not differ between those two groups. Overall gustatory function was lower in conventional cigarette smokers (median: 9.5) and HTPs users (median: 10) than in non-smokers (median: 14; p<0.001). A difference was detected in the sour, salty and bitter taste but without significant difference between HTPs users and conventional cigarette smokers. Negative linear correlations were found between the BI and olfactory function, overall gustatory function, sour, salty, and bitter taste (r= -0.317 - -0.585; p≤0.002). In multiple linear regression, BI was the only predictor of olfactory dysfunction when controlling for the effect of tobacco products, age, and gender accounting for 11% of variance (p=0.024, R
conclusionsOlfactory and gustatory function are adversely associated with smoking, more depending on BI than tobacco product.
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Registered trials
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