ArticleTherapeutics and clinical risk management2024
Umbilical Vascular Thromboembolism: High-Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Scoping Review.
Article in Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Management of fetal umbilical vein varix: a survey-based analysis of current clinical practice.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- The Clinical Significance of Fetal Intra-Abdominal Umbilical Vein Varix: A Comparative Study.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical analysis of 18 cases of intraumbilical vascular thrombosis.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Umbilical Artery Thrombosis in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Umbilical vascular thromboembolism is a rare condition that can lead to serious consequences such as fetal hypoxia, fetal growth restriction, and even stillbirth. However, there is currently a lack of research on the pathology, pathogenesis, clinical management, and prognosis of this condition. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze this condition's high-risk factors, clinical characteristics, pregnancy management, and discuss its corresponding pregnancy outcomes. Databases such as PubMed are searched using the relevant keywords of umbilical vascular thromboembolism in worldwide. And related information is analyzed such as maternal risk factors, fetal risk factors, umbilical cord and placental risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes. The literature search yields 113 articles, 64 of which meet the inclusion criteria for umbilical vascular thromboembolism. There are 4 retrospective cohort studies and 8 case series, the rest are all case reports. A total of 262 cases of umbilical vascular thromboembolism are found. The most common maternal complications and fetal related risk factors are diabetes (25 cases, 9.5%) and stillbirths (106 cases, 40.5%), respectively. Among these 262 cases, 98 (37.4%) cases are found by prenatal ultrasound to have umbilical vascular thromboembolism and the fetus is in a viable state with complete clinical information. In addition, considering the effectiveness and safety of low molecular weight heparin in thromboembolic conditions, twenty-four patients of umbilical artery thromboembolism attempted to use low molecular weight heparin during observation. Maternal diabetes was the highest risk factor for this condition. When umbilical artery thromboembolism occurs, the incidence of stillbirth increases. Premature patients with this condition can continue their pregnancy under close external monitoring. However, due to the small sample size, further research is needed.
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