ArticleHeliyon2024
Construction and drug screening of Co-culture system using extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma organoids and tumor-associated macrophages.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organoids in cancer therapy: translational applications and clinical promise.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- How to efficiently establish animal models of cholangiocarcinoma: challenges and inspiration.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Advances in organoids for personalized medicine: from technological development to clinical application.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Applications and challenges of patient-derived organoids in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Applications of 3D models in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Organoids and spheroids: advancedFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-01-05Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been proposed as a novel in vitro tumor model that can be applied to tumor research and drug screening. However, current tumor organoid models lack components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).We collected peripheral blood and tumor samples from 6 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(eCCA). Monocytes were induced into TAMs by cytokine and conditioned medium, and then co-cultured with tumor organoids. Our comprehensive analysis and comparison of histopathology and genomics results confirmed that this co-culture model can better capture intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity retain the specific mutations of the original tumor. Drug sensitivity data in vitro revealed that gemcitabine and cisplatin are effective drugs for cholangiocarcinoma, but TAMs in the tumor microenvironment promote organoids growth and chemotherapy resistance. In conclusion, our organoid model of cholangiocarcinoma co-cultured with TAMs can not only shorten the model construction cycle, but also preserve the heterogeneity of original tumors to improve the accuracy of drug screening, and can also be applied to the researches of TAMs and tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.