ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2024
Risk of Incident Psychosis and Mania With Prescription Amphetamines.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Occurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Different Changes in Brain Functional Networks Following 12-Week Psychostimulant Treatment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Youth With and Without Familial Risk for Bipolar I Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Global burden of self-harm attributable to drug use from 1990 to 2021: evidence from the global burden of disease study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- What Dose of Methamphetamine Do Regular Consumers Use Daily? Estimating Oral Amphetamine Milligram Equivalents.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- Case for caution in expanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prescribing.Internal medicine journal · 2026Review
- Prescription psychostimulants, atomoxetine and the risk of psychosis in adults with history of psychosis: a population-based cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions for homeless veteran service users with mental illness.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Pitolisant-associated mania - a case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Late-Onset Psychosis: A Case-Control Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Real world pharmacovigilance comparison of viloxazine and dextroamphetamine adverse reaction profiles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Medication reference tables for neurologists: A focus on psychotropic medications in epilepsy.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Risk of hospitalisation for first-onset psychosis or mania within a year of ADHD medication initiation in adults with ADHD.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAmphetamine prescribing has increased in the United States in recent years. Previous research identified an increased risk of incident psychosis with prescription amphetamines. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of dose levels of prescription amphetamines on the risk of this rare but serious adverse outcome.
methodsA case-control study using electronic health records was conducted to compare the odds of incident psychosis or mania with past-month exposure to prescription amphetamines. Case subjects were patients ages 16-35 hospitalized at McLean Hospital for incident psychosis or mania between 2005 and 2019. Control subjects were patients with an initial psychiatric hospitalization for other reasons, most commonly depression and/or anxiety. Amphetamine doses were converted to dextroamphetamine equivalents and divided into terciles. Secondary analyses evaluated the odds of psychosis or mania with methylphenidate use.
resultsAmong 1,374 case subjects and 2,748 control subjects, the odds of psychosis and mania were increased for individuals with past-month prescription amphetamine use compared with no use (adjusted odds ratio=2.68, 95% CI=1.90-3.77). A dose-response relationship was observed; high doses of amphetamines (>30 mg dextroamphetamine equivalents) were associated with 5.28-fold increased odds of psychosis or mania. Past-month methylphenidate use was not associated with increased odds of psychosis or mania compared with no use (adjusted odds ratio=0.91, 95% CI=0.54-1.55).
conclusionsAlthough use of hospitalized control subjects excludes individuals with less severe disease, leading to selection bias, the study results suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing high doses of amphetamines, with regular screening for symptoms of psychosis or mania.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.