Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39261418›Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2024

Modeling the Clinical and Economic Burden of Therapeutic Inertia in People with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed Alluhidan, Abdulrahman Alturaiki, Hana Alabdulkarim, Nasser Aljehani, Essam A Alghamdi, Fahad Alsabaan, Abdullah A Alamri, Samuel J P Malkin, Barnaby Hunt, Abdulaziz Alhossan and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mohammed AlluhidanHealth Economics Unit, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mluhidan@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3824-2059
Abdulrahman AlturaikiPharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hana AlabdulkarimDrug Policy and Economic Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nasser AljehaniInsurance Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Essam A AlghamdiSecurity Forces Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad AlsabaanDivision of Endocrinology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah A AlamriEndocrinology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Samuel J P MalkinOssian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.
Barnaby HuntOssian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.
Abdulaziz AlhossanCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Al-JedaiCollege of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTherapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes, defined as a failure to intensify treatment despite poor glycemic control, can arise due to a variety of factors, despite evidence linking improved glycemic control with reductions in diabetes-related complications. The present study aimed to evaluate the health and economic burden of therapeutic inertia in people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

methodsThe IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (v.9.0) was used to evaluate outcomes. Baseline cohort characteristics were sourced from Saudi-specific data, with baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tested at 8.0%, 9.0%, and 10.0%. Modeled subjects were brought to an HbA1c target of 7.0% immediately or after delays of 1-5 years across time horizons of 3-50 years. Outcomes were discounted annually at 3.0%. Costs were accounted from a societal perspective and expressed in 2023 Saudi Arabian Riyals (SAR).

resultsImmediate glycemic control was associated with improved or equal life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy and cost savings in all scenarios compared with delays in achieving target HbA1c. Combined cost savings ranged from SAR 411 (EUR 102) per person with a baseline HbA1c of 8.0% versus a 1-year delay over a 3-year time horizon, to SAR 21,422 (EUR 5291) per person with a baseline HbA1c of 10.0% versus a 5-year delay over a 50-year time horizon. Discounted life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy were projected to improve by up to 0.4 years and 0.5 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively, with immediate glycemic control.

conclusionTherapeutic inertia was associated with a substantial health and economic burden in Saudi Arabia. Interventions and initiatives that can help to reduce therapeutic inertia are likely to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditure.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycated HemoglobinAdultAgedCost of IllnessFemaleGlycemic ControlHealth Care CostsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedModels, EconomicQuality-Adjusted Life YearsSaudi ArabiaGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsClinical inertiaCostCost of illnessEconomic burdenPoor glycemic controlSaudi ArabiaTherapeutic inertiaType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39261418
PMCPMC11480136

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.