ArticleArthritis care & research2025
Impact of Sex, Serostatus, and Smoking on Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung Transplantation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Interstitial Lung Disease: Risk Factors and Mortality in a Universal Health Care System.Clinical transplantation · 2026Observational
- Protective Effects of Apolipoprotein A and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Against Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Mediating Role of Systemic Inflammation.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Validation of a Genetic Risk Score Combined With Clinical Variables for Predicting Pulmonary Fibrosis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Clinical Factors Associated with hrCT-Confirmed Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Risk of total and cause-specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease or bronchiectasis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Profile of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Single-Center Study.European journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) includes multiple subtypes with varying histopathology, prognosis, and potential treatments. Limited research has investigated risk factors for different RA-ILD subtypes. Therefore, we examined demographic, serologic, and lifestyle associations with RA-ILD subtypes.
methodsWe systematically identified RA-ILD cases and RA controls without ILD (RA-noILD) in the Brigham RA Sequential Study and Mass General Brigham Biobank RA cohort. We determined RA-ILD subtype (usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP], nonspecific interstitial pneumonia [NSIP], and other/indeterminate) through chest high-resolution computed tomography imaging pattern. We investigated associations of demographic, lifestyle, and serologic factors with major RA-ILD subtypes using multivariable logistic regression.
resultsAmong 3,328 patients with RA, we identified 208 RA-ILD cases and 547 RA-noILD controls. RA-UIP was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per year, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01-1.05), male sex (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.33-3.48), and seropositivity (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.24-3.48), whereas RA-NSIP was significantly associated only with seropositive status (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.36-7.56). Nonfibrotic ILDs were significantly associated with smoking (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.52-5.21). Having three RA-ILD risk factors (male, seropositive, smoking) had an OR of 6.89 (95% CI 2.41-19.7) for RA-UIP compared with having no RA-ILD risk factors.
conclusionOlder age, seropositivity, and male sex were strongly associated with RA-UIP, whereas RA-related autoantibodies were associated with RA-NSIP. These findings suggest RA-ILD sex differences may be driven by RA-UIP and emphasize the importance of further studies to clarify RA-ILD heterogeneity and optimize screening and treatment approaches.
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