ArticleStem cell research & therapy2024
Improvement of androgenic alopecia by extracellular vesicles secreted from hyaluronic acid-stimulated induced mesenchymal stem cells.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosome-driven treatments for hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review of preclinical studies, clinical experiments, safety, and future prospects.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicles for Androgenetic Alopecia: Current Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Advances in the extracellular vesicles treatment of alopecia.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Lichen Planopilaris: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Hemp Seed-Derived Exosomes Protect Against Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Chicken Feather Growth Inhibition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in hair regeneration: A systematic review.World journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- Tremella polysaccharide microneedles loaded with magnetic dental pulp stem cell intracellular vesicles used for androgenic alopecia.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- The Potential Application of Exosomes as Therapeutic Agents, Carriers, and Biomarkers in Skin Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Stem cell-based approaches for alopecia: A narrative review of current and emerging treatment strategies.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss. Androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are the main causes of AGA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reduce AGA. However, preparing therapeutic doses of MSCs for clinical use is challenging. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) are homogenous and easily expandable, enabling scalable production of EVs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) can exert various functions including free radical scavenging, immune regulation, and cell migration. Herein, we examined whether hyaluronic acid (HA) stimulation of iMSCs could produce EVs with enhanced therapeutic outcomes for AGA.
methodsEVs were collected from iMSCs primed with HA (HA-iMSC-EVs) or without HA (iMSC-EVs). The characteristics of EVs were examined using dynamic light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and proteomic analysis. In vitro, we compared the potential of EVs in stimulating the survival of hair follicle dermal papilla cells undergoing testosterone-mediated AGA. Additionally, the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and relevant growth factors as well as key proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3β) was analyzed. Subsequently, AGA was induced in male C57/BL6 mice by testosterone administration, followed by repeated injections of iMSC-EVs, HA-iMSC-EVs, finasteride, or vehicle. Several parameters including hair growth, anagen phase ratio, reactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and AR expression was examined using qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analysis.
resultsBoth types of EVs showed typical characteristics for EVs, such as size distribution, markers, and surface protein expression. In hair follicle dermal papilla cells, the mRNA levels of AR, TGF-β, and IL-6 increased by testosterone was blocked by HA-iMSC-EVs, which also contributed to the augmented expression of trophic genes related to hair regrowth. However, no notable changes were observed in the iMSC-EVs. Re-activation of Wnt/β-catenin was observed in HA-iMSC-EVs but not in iMSC-EVs, as shown by β-catenin stabilization and an increase in phosphorylated GSK3β. Restoration of hair growth was more significant in HA-iMSC-EVs than in iMSC-EVs, and was comparable to that in mice treated with finasteride. Consistently, the decreased anagen ratio induced by testosterone was reversed by HA-iMSC-EVs, but not by iMSC-EVs. An increased expression of hair follicular β-catenin protein, as well as the reduction of AR was observed in the skin tissue of AGA mice receiving HA-iMSC-EVs, but not in those treated with iMSC-EVs.
conclusionsOur results suggest that HA-iMSC-EVs have potential to improve AGA by regulating growth factors/cytokines and stimulating AR-related Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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